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Epilepsy, Part II: Treatment
1st Edition - October 9, 2012
Editors: Hermann Stefan, William H. Theodore
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 2 8 9 9 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 5 3 5 0 6 - 1
Epilepsy, Part II, Treatment, Volume 108, provides a full description of epilepsy pathology and etiology, antiepileptic drug treatment, the approach to surgical evaluation and… Read more
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Epilepsy, Part II, Treatment, Volume 108, provides a full description of epilepsy pathology and etiology, antiepileptic drug treatment, the approach to surgical evaluation and alternative procedures to be considered, in both children and adults, as well as brain stimulation and diet treatment. Economic and psychosocial issues such as stigma are fully covered. The special problems of epilepsy treatment in the developing world are described. Chapters are authored by internationally respected neurologists with varied perspectives insuring depth to the content. Epilepsy, Part I, Basic Principles and Diagnosis, Volume 107, establishes the scientific and practical diagnosis of epilepsy. The volumes will be a very important resource for basic scientists, clinical investigators, and all health professionals treating patients with epilepsy.
- A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology
- International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field
- Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care
Clinical neurologists and research neuroscientists
Series page
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3RD Series
Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Chapter 30 Metabolic and degenerative disorders
Introduction
Epilepsy features in metabolic and degenerative disorders
Progressive myoclonic epilepsies
Metabolic diseases more frequently associated with epilepsy
Metabolic disease amenable to specific treatment
Conclusion
Chapter 31 Neurocutaneous syndromes
Introduction
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Tuberous sclerosis
Sturge–weber syndrome
Incontinentia pigmenti (bloch–sulzberger disease)
Hypomelanosis of ito: incontinentia pigmenti achromians
Ataxia–telangiectasia
Rare neurocutaneous diseases
Conclusion
Chapter 32 Cortical malformations
Introduction
Principles of cortical development
Classification systems
Different types of malformations of cortical development
Conclusions
Chapter 33 Epilepsy-associated brain tumors
Introduction
Neuropathological classification of epilepsy-associated tumors
Tumors and epileptogenesis
Future research strategies
Chapter 34 Seizures after stroke
Introduction
Definitions and methodological issues
Epidemiology of seizures after stroke
Risk factors for poststroke seizures
Risk factors for poststroke epilepsy
Do seizures influence stroke outcome?
Mechanisms of seizures after stroke
Diagnostic procedures
Management
Conclusion
Chapter 35 Posttraumatic epilepsy
Introduction
Historical background
Etiology
Risk factors
Imaging
Latency
Natural history
Age and development of epilepsy
Pathology
Prevention, prophylaxis, and neuroprotection
Epileptogenesis
Chapter 36 Infection and inflammation
Introduction
Parasitic infections
Bacterial infections
Viral infections
Fungal infections
Noninfectious inflammatory disorders
Chapter 37 Hippocampal sclerosis
Historical background
Pathological diagnosis
Pathogenesis
Clinical diagnosis
Epidemiology
Clinical features
Natural course
Electroclinical features
Electrophysiological investigations
Functional studies
Outcome
Chapter 38 Natural course of epilepsies
Natural course of untreated epilepsies
Natural course of treated epilepsies
Concluding remarks
Chapter 39 Mechanisms of action of antiseizure drugs
Introduction
Classifying antiseizure drugs by mechanism of action
Drugs discovered and marketed before 1990
Drugs discovered and marketed after 1990
Chapter 40 Principles of drug treatment in adults
Introduction
Objectives of treatment
Indications for treatment and when to start
Selection of drugs in the general adult population
Strategies and drug selection in special populations
How to start
Individualization of dosage
Monitoring treatment
If the first treatment fails
Discontinuation of treatment
Chapter 41 Principles of drug treatment in children
Initial approach to the pediatric patient and workup
Deciding to treat or not to treat
Choice of antiepileptic drug for initial monotherapy
Initiation of antiepileptic drug therapy and of follow-up
Decisions about substitution and add-on therapy
Current indications and evidence on the effectiveness and tolerability of specific antiepileptic drugs
Approach to intractable patients and consideration of epilepsy surgery
Discontinuation of therapy
Conclusions, implications for practice, future research
Chapter 42 Antiepileptic drugs
Introduction
Advantages of current antiepileptic drug treatment
Limitations of current drug treatment
Efficacy concerns
Advantages and disadvantages of individual antiepileptic drugs
Advantages and disadvantages of antiepileptic drugs by age group
Conclusion
Chapter 43 Pharmacoresistance
Introduction
Clinical patterns of drug resistance
Comparative clinical trials
Antiepileptic drugs
Predictive factors
Mechanisms of pharmacoresistance
Target hypothesis
Transporter hypothesis
Strategies to determine resistance mechanisms in individual patients
Pharmacogenetic analysis
Brain imaging techniques
Strategies to overcome putative resistance mechanisms
Chapter 44 Gender issues
Introduction
Animal studies
Human studies
Treatment
Sexuality
Sexual function
The effects of antiepileptic drugs on sperm
Management of pregnancy and birth
Conclusion
Chapter 45 Ketogenic diet
Introduction
Mechanism of action
Patient selection
Diet initiation
Efficacy and side-effects
Other anticonvulsant diets
Prognosis
Future directions
Chapter 46 Status epilepticus in children
Introduction
Definition
Incidence
Seizure type
Etiology
Risk factors for status epilepticus
Evaluation
Management
Morbidity and mortality
Long-term sequelae of afebrile status epilepticus in childhood
Sequelae of febrile status epilepticus
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Chapter 47 Status epilepticus in adults
Introduction
Definition
Classification
Epidemiology
Treatment
New options
Future options
Chapter 48 Who is a surgical candidate?
Introduction
Historical Review
The Concept of Surgically Remediable Epilepsy Syndromes
Selection of Surgical Candidates
The Patient’s Perspective about Surgical Candidacy
Who Should be Referred to an Epilepsy Surgery Center?
Chapter 49 Preoperative evaluation in children for epilepsy surgery
Introduction
Ictal semiology
Electroencephalography
Magnetoencephalography
Invasive recording
Functional cortical mapping
Neuroimaging
Single photon emission computed tomography
Positron emission tomography
Functional MRI
Optical imaging
Neuropsychology
Expectations
Chapter 50 Presurgical evaluation in adults: noninvasive
Introduction
Intensive video-eeg monitoring
Magnetic resonance imaging
Neuropsychological testing
Single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetoencephalography
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Wada test
Conclusions
Chapter 51 Invasive evaluation
Introduction
Historical overview
Invasive recordings: for whom?
Invasive recordings: how?
Invasive recordings: definition of the ictal onset zone
Conclusion
Chapter 52 Epilepsy neurosurgery in children
Introduction
What makes surgical treatment of epilepsy in children different?
Identification and prediction of treatment-resistant epilepsy in children
When to refer pharmacoresistant children for comprehensive epilepsy evaluation
The importance of early seizure control for the developing human brain
Epidemiology of pharmacoresistance and surgery in children
Clinical characteristics of pediatric epilepsy surgery patients
Presurgical evaluations for children with treatment-resistant epilepsy
Perioperative considerations and surgical approaches
Outcomes after epilepsy neurosurgery in children
Summary and future directions
Acknowledgment
Chapter 53 Surgery in adults
The role of temporal resections in the epilepsy surgery spectrum
Temporal resections: present practice and techniques
Outlook and conclusion
Conclusion
Chapter 54 Lateral extratemporal resections in adults
Screening and noninvasive analysis
Invasive analysis
Multiple subpial transections
Resective surgery
Outcome
Chapter 55 Surgical management of medial extratemporal epilepsy
Introduction
Evaluation
Invasive evaluation
Surgical techniques
Conclusion
Chapter 56 Epilepsy treatment in developing countries
Introduction
General considerations of generic drugs
Generic antiepileptic drugs in developing countries
Normative for the use of generic medication
Final remarks
Chapter 57 Epilepsy surgery in developing countries
Introduction
Epilepsy surgery: differences between developed and developing countries
Are surgical results different in developing countries and developed countries?
Solutions or alternative ways for developing countries
Conclusions
Chapter 58 Neurostimulation for epilepsy
Introduction
Vagus nerve stimulation
Deep brain stimulation
Conclusion
Chapter 59 Innovative treatments for epilepsy
Introduction
Radiosurgery
Local delivery for epilepsy
Conclusion
Chapter 60 Social aspects of epilepsy and rehabilitation
Introduction
Methodological approach
Assessment of seizure severity
Social participation and barriers
Examples of interventions
Rehabilitation
Conclusion
Chapter 61 Economic aspects of epilepsy
Introduction
Cost of illness studies
Cost-effectiveness of new treatments
Future research
Index
- No. of pages: 608
- Language: English
- Published: October 9, 2012
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Hardback ISBN: 9780444528995
- eBook ISBN: 9780444535061
HS
Hermann Stefan
Affiliations and expertise
Director of Epilepsy Centre, Neurological Clinic, University Hospital, Erlangen, GermanyWT
William H. Theodore
Affiliations and expertise
Clinical Epilepsy Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, and Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA