To order this title, and for more information, click here
By Qing Li, Senior Architect, Blue Coat Systems, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA Tatuya Jinmei, Researcher, Toshiba Corp. and Core Member of the KAME Project, JAPAN Keiichi Shima, Researcher, Internet Initiative Japan and Core Member of the KAME Project, JAPAN
Description The authoritative reference text on KAME and IPv6!
IPv6 was introduced in 1994 and has been in development at the IETF for over 10 years.
It has now reached the deployment stage. KAME, the de-facto open-source reference implementation of the IPv6 standards, played a significant
role in the acceptance and the adoption of the IPv6 technology. The adoption of KAME by key companies in a wide spectrum of commercial
products is a testimonial to the success of the KAME project, which concluded not long ago.
This book is the first and the only one
of its kind, which reveals all of the details of the KAME IPv6 protocol stack, explaining exactly what every line of code does and why
it was designed that way. Through the dissection of both the code and its design, the authors illustrate how IPv6 and its related protocols
have been interpreted and implemented from the specifications. This reference will demystify those ambiguous areas in the standards,
which are open to interpretation and problematic in deployment, and presents solutions offered by KAME in dealing with these implementation
challenges.
About the Authors
Qing Li is a senior architect at Blue Coat Systems, Inc. leading the design and development efforts of
the next-generation IPv6 enabled secure proxy appliances. Qing holds multiple US patents. Qing is a contributing author of the book titled
Handbook of Networked and Embedded Control Systems published in June 2005. He is the author of the embedded systems development book
titled Real-Time Concepts for Embedded Systems published in April 2003. Tatuya Jinmei Ph.D. is a research scientist at Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation. He had been a core developer of the KAME project since the launch of the project through
its conclusion. In 2003, he received the Ph.D. degree from Keio University, Japan, based on his work at KAME. Keiichi Shima is a senior
researcher at Internet Initiative Japan Inc. He was a core developer of the KAME project from 2001 to the end of the project and developed
Mobile IPv6/NEMO Basic Support protocol stack. He is now working on the new mobility stack (the SHISA stack) for BSD operating systems.
IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation addresses with technical depth and clarity an IPv6 implementation on University California Berkeley
Source Code Distribution (BSD), from the KAME project that was based in Japan, which is both a commercial and academic success in the
world wide networking implementation market. The book begins with an overview of the KAME project and source code distribution, and
then provides a concise, but thorough overview of the BSD network implementation. Then the book provides the architecture and an implementation
code base component for IPv6 added to the current BSD TCP/IP Internet Protocol layer code base, the implications of the changes to the
Transport Layer, and then provides a review of the BSD Socket Application Interface changes for IPv6. The authors did a very good job
of representing the source code implementation and it was easy to read and comprehend, with discussion for each programmatic presentation
of the code base functions and data structures. This book will be valuable to both networking architects and programmers that have to
absorb and understand the implementation of IPv6 within the TCP/IP network implementation and reference model. The book was a pleasure
to read and reminded me of the TCP/IP technical books by the late Dr. Richard Stevens, and afforded me the same technical depth. CTO
IPv6 Forum www.ipv6forum.com
~Jim Bound.
Audience
Software developors; network designers
Contents Foreword
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 A Brief History of IPv6 and KAME
1.2.1 Commercial Success of
KAME
1.3 Overview of the KAME Distribution
1.3.1 Source Tree Structure
1.3.2 Build Procedure
1.4 Overview of BSD Network
Implementation
1.5 Source Code Narrations
1.5.1 Typographical Conventions
1.5.2 Sample Source Code Description
1.5.3 Preprocessor
Variables
1.5.4 Networking Device and Architecture Assumptions
1.6 Mbufs and IPv6
1.6.1 Common Mbuf Manipulation Macros and
Functions
1.6.2 Mbuf Tagging
1.6.3 Mbuf Requirement for IPv6
1.6.4 Diagnosing Mbuf Chain
2 IPv6 Addressing Architecture
2.1 Introduction
2.2 IPv6 Addresses
2.3 Textual Representation of IPv6 Addresses
2.4 Address Scopes
2.4.1 Scope Zones
2.4.2 Zone
Indices
2.4.3 Textual Representation of Scoped Addresses
2.4.4 Deprecation of Unicast Site-local Addresses
2.5 IPv6 Address Format
2.5.1 Interface Identifier Generation
2.5.2 Notes about Address Format
2.5.3 Multicast Address Format
2.6 Node Address Requirements
2.7 IPv6 Address Space Management
2.8 Code Introduction
2.8.1 IPv6 Address Structures?in6_addr{} and sockaddr_in6{}
2.8.2 Macros
and Variables
2.9 Handling Scope Zones
2.9.1 Initialization of Scope Zones
2.9.2 Scope Zone IDs
2.9.3 Zone IDs in Address Structures
2.9.4 Scope-Related Utility Functions
2.10 Interface Address Structures
2.10.1 ifaddr{} and in6_ifaddr{} Structures
2.10.2 in6_ifreq{}
and in6_aliasreq{} Structures
2.10.3 Multicast Address Structures
2.11 IPv6 Prefix Structure
2.12 Overview of Address Manipulation
Routines
2.13 Interface Initialization for IPv6
2.13.1 in6_if_up() Function
2.13.2 in6_ifattach() Function
2.13.3 in6_ifattach_loopback()
Function
2.13.4 in6_ifattach_linklocal() Function
2.13.5 get_ifid() Function
2.13.6 get_hw_ifid() Function
2.13.7 get_rand_ifid()
Function
2.13.8 in6if_do_dad() Function
2.14 IPv6 Interface Address Configuration
2.14.1 in6_control() Function
2.14.2 in6_update_ifa()
Function
2.14.3 in6_joingroup() and in6_leavegroup() Functions
2.14.4 in6_addmulti() and in6_delmulti()Functions
2.14.5 in6_ifinit()
Function
2.14.6 in6_ifaddloop() and in6_ifloop_request() Functions
2.15 Deleting an IPv6 Address
2.15.1 in6_purgeaddr() Function
2.15.2
in6_ifremloop() Function
2.15.3 in6_unlink_ifa() Function
2.16 Operation with Address Configuration Utility
3 Internet Protocol
version 6
3.1 Introduction
3.2 IPv6 Header Format
3.2.1 Comparison to the IPv4 Header
3.3 IPv6 Extension Headers
3.3.1 Order of
Extension Headers
3.3.2 Hop-by-Hop Options Header
3.3.3 Destination Options Header
3.3.4 Routing Header
3.3.5 Fragment Header
3.3.6 IPv6
Options
3.4 Source Address Selection
3.4.1 Default Address Selection
3.4.2 Source Address Selection
3.4.3 Destination Address Selection
3.5 Code Introduction
3.5.1 Statistics
3.5.2 Header Structures
3.5.3 ip6protosw{} Structure
3.6 IPv6 Packet Address Information
in Mbuf
3.6.1 ip6_setdstifaddr() Function
3.6.2 ip6_getdstifaddr() Function
3.6.3 ip6_setpktaddrs() Function
3.6.4 ip6_getpktaddrs()
Function
3.7 Input Processing: ip6_input() Function
3.8 Processing Hop-by-Hop Options Header: ip6_hopopts_input() Function
3.8.1 Processing
Each Option: ip6_process_hopopts()Function
3.8.2 Processing Unknown Option: ip6_unknown_opt()Function
3.9 Processing Destination Options
Header: dest6_input() Function
3.10 Reassembling Fragmented Packets
3.10.1 Structures for Packet Reassembly
3.10.2 frag6_input()F
unction 1
3.11 Processing Routing Header: route6_input()Function
3.12 Forwarding: ip6_forward() Function
3.13 Output Processing
3.13.1
Source Address Selection?in6_selectsrc() Function
3.13.2 Route Selection: ip6_selectroute() Function
3.13.3 ip6_output() Function
3.13.4 Make Extension Headers: ip6_copyexthdr()Function
3.13.5 Split Headers: ip6_splithdr() Function
3.13.6 Insert Jumbo Payload Option:
ip6_insert_jumboopt() Function
3.13.7 Fragmentation: ip6_insertfraghdr() Function
3.13.8 Path MTU Determination: ip6_getpmtu()Function
3.13.9 Multicast Loopback: ip6_mloopback() Function
4 Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6
4.1 Introduction
4.2 ICMPv6
Message
4.2.1 Destination Unreachable Message
4.2.2 Packet Too Big Message
4.2.3 Time Exceeded Message
4.2.4 Parameter Problem Message
4.2.5 Echo Request Message
4.2.6 Echo Reply Message
4.2.7 ICMPv6 Message Processing Rules
4.3 Path MTU Discovery Mechanism
4.4 Node
Information Query
4.4.1 Node Information Message Format
4.4.2 NOOP Query
4.4.3 Supported Qtypes Query
4.4.4 Node Name Query
4.4.5
Node Addresses Query
4.4.6 IPv4 Addresses Query
4.5 Code Introduction
4.5.1 Statistics
4.5.2 ICMPv6 Header
4.6 ICMPv6 Input Processing
4.6.1 icmp6_input() Function
4.6.2 Notifying Errors: icmp6_notify_error()Function
4.7 Path MTU Discovery Implementation
4.7.1 icmp6_mtudisc_update()
Function
4.8 ICMPv6 Output Processing
4.8.1 Sending Error: icmp6_error() Function
4.8.2 Error Rate Limitation: icmp6_ratelimit()Function
4.8.3 icmp6_reflect() Function
4.9 Node Information Query Implementation
4.9.1 Types and Variables
4.9.2 ping6 Command: Send Queries
4.9.3 ping6 Command: Receive Replies
4.9.4 ping6 Command: Print Supported Qtypes
4.9.5 ping6 Command: Print Node Addresses
4.9.6
Query Processing: ni6_input() Function
4.9.7 Node Name Manipulation
4.9.8 Create Node Addresses Reply: ni6_store_addrs()Function
4.10
NodeInformation Operation
5 Neighbor Discovery and Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Neighbor Discovery
Protocol Overview
5.3 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Overview
5.4 ND Protocol Messages
5.5 Example Exchanges of ND Protocol Messages
5.6 ND Protocol Packet Types and Formats
5.6.1 Router Solicitation Message
5.6.2 Router Advertisement Message
5.6.3 Neighbor Solicitation
Message
5.6.4 Neighbor Advertisement Message
5.6.5 Redirect Message
5.7 Neighbor Discovery Option Types and Formats
5.7.1 Link-Layer
Address Options
5.7.2 Prefix Information Option
5.7.3 Redirected Header Option
5.7.4 MTU Option
5.7.5 Route Information Option
5.8
Next-Hop Determination and Address Resolution
5.9 Neighbor Unreachability Detection Algorithm
5.10 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
5.10.1 Address Formation and Address States
5.10.2 Duplicate Address Detection Algorithm
5.10.3 Processing Router Advertisement
5.10.4
Privacy Extensions
5.11 Router Specific Operation
5.11.1 Sending Unsolicited Router Advertisements
5.11.2 Processing Router Solicitations
5.11.3 Processing Router Advertisements
5.12 Host Specific Operations
5.12.1 Sending Router Solicitations
5.12.2 Processing Router
Advertisements
5.12.3 Default Router Selection
5.13 Code Introduction
5.13.1 ND Message Definitions
5.13.2 Neighbor Cache?llinfo_nd6{}
Structure
5.13.3 Operational Variables?nd_ifinfo{} Structure
5.13.4 Default Router?nd_defrouter{} Structure
5.13.5 Prefix?nd_prefix{}
Structure
5.13.6 Prefix Control?nd_prefixctl{} Structure
5.13.7 ND Message Options?nd_opts{} Structure
5.13.8 DAD Queue Entry?dadq{}
Structure
5.13.9 IPv6 Address?in6_ifaddr{} Structure
5.13.10 Destination Cache
5.13.11 Operation Constants
5.14 Initialization Functions
5.14.1 nd6_init() Function
5.14.2 nd6_ifattach() Function
5.15 Neighbor Cache Management Functions
5.15.1 nd6_rtrequest() Function
5.15.2 nd6_cache_lladdr() Function
5.15.3 nd6_lookup() Function
5.15.4 nd6_free() Function
5.15.5 nd6_timer() Function
5.16 ND Protocol
Messages Processing Functions
5.16.1 nd6_ns_output() Function
5.16.2 nd6_ns_input() Function
5.16.3 nd6_na_input() Function
5.16.4
nd6_na_output() Function
5.16.5 nd6_rs_input() Function
5.16.6 nd6_ra_input() Function
5.16.7 icmp6_redirect_input() Function
5.16.8
icmp6_redirect_output() Function
5.17 ND Protocol Message Options Processing Functions
5.17.1 nd6_option_init() Function
5.17.2 nd6_option()
Function
5.17.3 nd6_options() Function
5.18 Default Router Management Functions
5.18.1 defrouter_addreq() Function
5.18.2 defrouter_delreq()
Function
5.18.3 defrouter_addifreq() Function
5.18.4 defrouter_delifreq() Function
5.18.5 defrouter_lookup() Function
5.18.6 defrouter_select()
Function
5.18.7 defrtrlist_del() Function
5.18.8 defrtrlist_update() Function
5.19 Prefix Management Functions
5.19.1 nd6_prelist_add()
Function
5.19.2 prelist_remove() Function
5.19.3 prelist_update() Function
5.19.4 find_pfxlist_reachable_router() Function
5.19.5
Prefix and Address State about On-link Condition
5.19.6 pfxlist_onlink_check() Function
5.19.7 nd6_prefix_onlink() Function
5.19.8 nd6_prefix_offlink()
Function
5.20 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Functions
5.20.1 in6_ifadd() Function
5.20.2 in6_tmpifadd() Function
5.20.3 regen_tmpaddr()
Function
5.21 Duplicate Address Detection Functions
5.21.1 nd6_dad_find() Function
5.21.2 nd6_dad_starttimer() Function
5.21.3 nd6_dad_stoptimer()
Function
5.21.4 nd6_dad_start() Function
5.21.5 nd6_dad_stop() Function
5.21.6 nd6_dad_timer() Function
5.21.7 nd6_dad_duplicated()
Function
5.21.8 nd6_dad_ns_output() Function
5.21.9 nd6_dad_ns_input() Function
5.21.10 nd6_dad_na_input() Function
5.22 Miscellaneous
Functions
5.22.1 nd6_is_addr_neighbor() Function
5.22.2 nd6_output() Function
5.22.3 rt6_flush() Function
5.22.4 nd6_rtmsg() Function
6 Transport Layer Implications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 TCP and UDP over IPv6
6.3 Pseudo Header for IPv6
6.4 Checksum Difference
between IPv4 and IPv6
6.5 IPv4-mapped IPv6 Address Usage
6.6 Code Introduction
6.6.1 Protocol Control Blocks for IPv6
6.7 General
Operations on PCBs and Sockets
6.7.1 IPv6 PCB Allocation?in_pcballoc() Function
6.7.2 Bind Local Address?in6_pcbbind() Function
6.7.3
Fix Remote Address?in6_pcbconnect() Function
6.7.4 Function in6_pcbladdr()
6.7.5 Search for a PCB Entry?in6_pcblookup_local()Function
6.7.6 Search for IPv4-mapped PCB?in_pcblookup_local() Function
6.7.7 Search for a PCB Entry?in6_pcblookup_hash()Function
6.7.8 Search
for IPv4-mapped PCB?in_pcblookup_hash()
Function
6.7.9 Detach an IPv6 PCB?in6_pcbdetach() Function
6.7.10 Control Message Signaling?in6_pcbnotify()
Function
6.7.11 Flush PCB Cached Route?in6_rtchange()Function
6.7.12 Retrieve Peer Address?in6_setpeeraddr()Function
6.7.13 Retrieve
Local Address?in6_setscokaddr()
Function
6.8 TCP-over-IPv6
6.8.1 TCP-over-IPv6 Instance of ip6protosw{}
6.8.2 TCP Output
6.8.3 Initializing
Headers?tcp_fillheaders() Function
6.8.4 TCP Input?tcp6_input() and tcp_input()
Functions
6.8.5 TCP Control Input?tcp6_ctlinput() Function
6.8.6 TCP User Requests
6.9 UDP-over-IPv6
6.9.1 UDP-over-IPv6 Instance of ip6protosw{}
6.9.2 UDP Output?udp6_output() Function
6.9.3
UDP Input?udp6_input() Function
6.9.4 UDP Control Input?udp6_ctlinput() Function
6.9.5 UDP User Requests Handling
6.10 Raw IPv6
6.10.1
Raw IPv6 Statistics
6.10.2 Raw IPv6 Output?rip6_output() Function
6.10.3 Raw IPv6 Input?rip6_input() Function
6.10.4 ICMPv6 Input?icmp6_rip6_input()
Function
6.10.5 Raw IPv6 Control Input?rip6_ctlinput()Function
6.10.6 Raw IPv6 Control Output?rip6_ctloutput()
Function
6.10.7 Raw
IPv6 User Requests Handling
6.11 Summary of Operation with IPv4-mapped IPv6 Addresses
6.12 Viewing IPv6 Connections with netstat
6.13
Configuring IPv4-mapped IPv6 Address Support
7 Socket API Extensions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Basic Socket API?RFC3493
7.2.1
Basic Definitions
7.2.2 Interface Identification
7.2.3 IPv4 Communication over AF_INET6 Socket
7.2.4 Address and Name Conversion Functions
7.2.5 Basic Socket Options
7.3 The Advanced Socket API?RFC3542
7.3.1 Advanced Definitions
7.3.2 IPv6 Raw Sockets
7.3.3 Introduction
to Ancillary Data
7.3.4 IPv6 Packet Information
7.3.5 Manipulation of IPv6 Extension Headers
7.3.6 Path MTU APIs
7.3.7 Socket Extensions
for the ?r? Commands
7.3.8 Summary Tables of Socket Options
7.4 Kernel Implementation of IPv6 Socket APIs
7.4.1 Code Introduction
7.4.2 ip6_pktopts{} Structure
7.4.3 IPv6 Socket Option Processing?ip6_ctloutput()
Function
7.4.4 Getting Socket Options?ip6_getpcbopt()
Function
7.4.5 Setting Socket Options and Ancillary Data
7.4.6 Cleaning Up?ip6_freepcbopts() Function
7.4.7 IPv6 Multicast Socket Options
7.4.8 IPv6 Raw Socket Options?ip6_raw_ctloutput()
Function
7.4.9 ICMPv6 Socket Options?icmp6_ctloutput()
Function
7.4.10 Delivering
Incoming Information?ip6_savecontrol()Function
7.5 Socket Options and Ancillary Data Examples
7.5.1 Example of the Send Path
7.5.2 Example
of the Receive Path
7.6 Implementation of Library Functions?libinet6 7.6.1 inet_pton() and inet_pton6() Functions
7.6.2 inet_ntop()
and inet_ntop6() Functions
7.6.3 getaddrinfo() Function
7.6.4 Address Ordering Examples
7.6.5 freeaddrinfo() Function
7.6.6 gai_strerror()
Function
7.6.7 getnameinfo() Function
7.6.8 Other Library Functions
References
Books and book related electronic products are priced in US dollars (USD), euro (EUR), and Great Britain Pounds (GBP). USD prices apply to the Americas and Asia Pacific. EUR prices apply in Europe and the Middle East. GBP prices apply to the UK and all other countries.
To order this title, and for more information, click 
