A Journal of Theory and Policy (Published in collaboration with the International Banking, Economic and Finance Association)

1. Online Submission
All submissions are handled online at http://ees.elsevier.com/najef/. Once you have logged on as author using your JOURNAL username and password you will be guided through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage only. Therefore users need to keep their contact coordinates on the registration page up-to-date with the "UPDATE MY INFORMATION" option.

2. Submission Fee
Each submission must be accompanied by a submission fee of US $ 80.00. Most of the fee will be used to defray the cost of having the paper refereed. Paying our referees helps to encourage both quick turnaround times and quality reports.

Submissions will only be considered after payment of the submission fee via submissiongate. Payment should show the title of the paper. Submission fee is non-refundable and a paper may be rejected by the Editor without being sent for review, should a paper be inconsistent with the Aims and Scope of the Journal as set out on the Journal website, or not adhere to the style requirements as outlined in the Guide for Authors.

Please follow these two steps:
1. Upload your manuscript onto the Elsevier Electronic Submission.
2. Go to submissiongate in order to pay the submission fee.

3. Language Polishing
For authors who require information about author-paid language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information.

4. Legal and Copyright
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all Authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.

Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright. See http://authors.elsevier.com/copyright for more information.

If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions.

5. Word processors
Save the file in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the word processor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spellchecker" function of your word processor.

6. Article
Language. Articles must be written in good English.

Title. Concise and informative. Avoid abbreviations and formulae.

Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly using appropriate script (capital cases as first letter of authors' first and surnames followed by lower cases). The Present Authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) should be written below their names and surnames. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the Author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each Author.

Corresponding Author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.

Abstract. A concise abstract of no more than 100 words should briefly state the purpose of the research and the main results. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone.

Classification codes and keywords. Provide at least one standard JEL code http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/elclasjn.html and up to 5 additional keywords.

Illustrations. Graphics files can be uploaded via http://ees.elsevier.com/najef. A guide on electronic artwork is available on http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork. All graphs, diagrams and tables should be referred to as figures, and should be numbered consecutively in the text in Arabic numerals.

7. Acknowledgements and information on grants
These can be given at the end of the text of the paper before the references.

8. Footnotes
Should be kept to a minimum and numbered consecutively throughout the text with superscript Arabic numerals. They should not include displayed formulae or tables.

9. Displayed formulae
Should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript as (1), (2), etc. against the right-hand margin of the page. In cases where the derivation of formulae has been abbreviated, it is of great help to the referees if the full derivation can be presented on a separate sheet (not to be published).

10. References
References to publications should be as follows: `Smith (1992) reported that...' or 'This problem has been studied previously (e.g., Smith et al., 1969)'. The author should make sure that there is a strict one-to-one correspondence between the names and years in the text and those on the list. The list of references should appear at the end of the main text (after any appendices, but before tables and figures). It should be double-spaced and listed in alphabetical order by author's name. References should appear as follows:

For books
Baltagi, B. H. (1995). Econometric analysis of panel data. Chichester: Wiley.

For contributions to collective works
Deardorff, A. V. (2001). Fragmentation across cones. In S. W. Arndt & H. Kierzkowski (Eds.), Fragmentation: new production patterns in the world economy (pp. 35-51). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

For periodicals
Feenstra, R. & Hanson, G. (1996). The impact of outsourcing and high-technology capital on wages: estimates for the United States, 1979-1990. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (3), 907-940.

Citing and listing of web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (Author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

11. Preparation of supplementary material. Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research.

Supplementary files offer additional possibilities for publishing supporting applications, appendices, background datasets, and computer programs. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect ( http://www.sciencedirect.com). To ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. Please note, however, that supplementary material will not appear in the printed journal. For more detailed instructions, please visit our Author Gateway at http://authors.elsevier.com, click on "Artwork instructions", and then click on "Multimedia files"

12. Page proofs and reprints
Page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author. Proofs should be corrected carefully; the responsibility for detecting errors lies with the author. Corrections should be restricted to instances in which the proof is at variance with the manuscript. Extensive alterations will be charged. The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

Any manuscript that does not conform to the above instructions may be returned for the necessary revision before publication.

Submission checklist:

One Author designated as corresponding Author:
E-mail address
Full postal address
Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
JEL code(s) and keywords
All figure captions
All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Manuscript has been "spellchecked"
References are in the correct format for this journal
All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)

For any further information please contact the Author Support Department at authorsupport@elsevier.com.