Submitting Manuscripts
All manuscripts should be electronically submitted to Kimberly A. Cahill, Managing Editor, at kcahill@temple.edu.
Alternatively, a disk copy along with one hardcopy may be submitted to Kimberly A. Cahill at:
Temple University Fox School of
Business and Management 1810 N. 13th Street 349E Speakman Hall Philadelphia, PA 19122 It is essential to give a fax number
and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article implies that
the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic
thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all Authors and tacitly or
explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in
the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Copyright. Upon acceptance
of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming
receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided. If excerpts from other copyrighted works
are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier
has preprinted forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax
(+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles. Most electronic formats are
acceptable, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTex is preferred. For non-electronic submission (i.e. the disk and hardcopy submission method
outlined above) an electronic version of the text should be submitted together with the final hardcopy of the manuscript. The electronic
version must match the hardcopy exactly. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Label storage media
with your name, journal title, and software used. Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the
accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor. Electronic files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk
or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). Wordprocessor documents: It is important that the file be saved in the native format
of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting
codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or
to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or
tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid
for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text
should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also http://www.elsevier.com/authors).
Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on
the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised
to use the "spellchecker" function of your wordprocessor.
Although the Publisher can process most wordprocessor file formats, should
your electronic file prove to be unusable, the article will be typeset from the hardcopy printout.
Title page. The title
page should contain the title of the manuscript and the following information: Author names and affiliations. Where the
family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the Authors' affiliation addresses (where the
actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the Author's
name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if
available, the e-mail address of each Author.
Corresponding Author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all
stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are
provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.Present/permanent address. If an Author has
moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may
be indicated as a footnote to that Author's name. The address at which the Author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Second page. The second page should contain an
abstract of no more than 200 words and a list of Key Words. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able
to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference
list.
General: The text proper should begin on the following pages and end with a citation of acknowledgements, whenever
appropriate. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the
title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
The following instructions should be followed in preparing manuscripts. Any
hypotheses or propositions are explicitly identified as such. Constructs and variables are identified in words, not abbreviations, to
the extent possible. As a general rule, manuscripts should be no longer than 40 pages in length, although exceptions may be made at the
discretion of the Editor from time to time. To insure author anonymity, manuscript "properties" (under FILE in Microsoft Word) should
be erased prior to submission.
Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se.
Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above). Mark the appropriate position of a figure in the article.
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered
1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ?), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing:
do not just refer to "the text." Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to
be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line,
e.g., Xp/Ym rather than
Powers of e are
often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if
referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout
the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should
this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the
end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list. Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with
a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.
Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing
in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References. Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the Authors. Citations in the
text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references
cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list,
but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style
of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication"
Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
All citations in the text should refer
to:
1. Single Author: the Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2. Two Authors: both Authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more Authors: first Author's name
followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should
be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995).
Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
Reference List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and
then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same Author(s) in the same year must be identified
by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication. Examples: Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51-59. Reference
to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.Reference to a chapter
in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith
, R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281-304.
Citing and listing of Web references.
As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (Author names, dates, reference to a source publication,
etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired,
or can be included in the reference list.
Preparation of electronic illustrations. Submitting your artwork in an electronic
format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail. General
points • Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic.
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. • Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or
enclose the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. •
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files,
and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. • Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy
printouts on separate sheets. • Provide captions to illustrations separately. • Produce images near to the desired
size of the printed version.
Files can be stored on diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
A detailed
guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to
visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here. Formats
Regardless of the application used,
when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS:Vector drawings. Embed the font
or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF:Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF:Bitmapped
line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF:Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi
is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as
is".
Please do not: • Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; • Supply files
that are too low in resolution; • Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Non-electronic
illustrations. Provide all illustrations as high-quality printouts, suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction) without
retouching. Number illustrations consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. They should accompany the manuscript,
but should not be included within the text. Clearly mark all illustrations on the back (or - in case of line drawings - on the lower
front side) with the figure number and the Author's name and, in cases of ambiguity, the correct orientation.
Captions.
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise
a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum
but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Line drawings. Supply high-quality printouts on white paper produced
with black ink. The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible
or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of
reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing
the illustrations. Photocopies are not suitable for reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones). Please supply original photographs for reproduction, printed on glossy paper, very sharp and with
good contrast. Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where
necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption. Note that
photocopies of photographs are not acceptable.
Proofs. When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered
to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as "drafts". One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the
corresponding Author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript
will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely the responsibility of the author. A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany
your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required. Elsevier will do everything possible to get your
article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF)
proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication.
Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any
less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted.
