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as author using your JOURNAL username and password you will be guided through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically
converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Note that your
manuscript should be submitted as a source file which means in any of the Word processing file or Latex but not as a PDF. Please note
that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for
further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes
place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage only. Therefore users need to keep their contact coordinates on the registration page up-to-date
with the "UPDATE MY INFORMATION" option.
In an accompanying letter, authors should state that the manuscript, or parts of it, have
not been and will not be submitted elsewhere for publication. Authors are requested to include the cover letter, manuscript, tables,
and figures, as well as any ancillary materials. Please note that an editable file is needed for production purposes after acceptance,
and we ask that authors submit source files in the event that the manuscript is accepted. Manuscripts submitted using the online system
will be handled substantially quicker than those submitted by mail.
Correspondence with the editors outside of the electronic submission
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or, for more information about language editing services, please contact authorsupport@elsevier.com who will be happy
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Legal and Copyright
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously
(except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all Authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without
the written consent of the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a "Journal Publishing Agreement"
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the manuscript together with a `Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement..
If excerpts
from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)
in the article. Elsevier has forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865
843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions
Word processors
Save the file in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format.
Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular,
do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts
etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the word processor's facility. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly
in the electronic text. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spellchecker" function of your word processor.
Article
Language. Articles must be written in good English
Title. Concise and informative. Avoid abbreviations and formulae.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly using appropriate
script (capital cases as first letter of authors' first and surnames followed by lower cases). The Present the Authors' affiliation addresses
(where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the
Author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name,
and, if available, the e-mail address of each Author.
Corresponding Author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Abstract. A concise abstract should briefly state
the purpose of the research and the main results. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand
alone.
Colour Illustrations.
Please
make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together
with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will
appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in
colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after
receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only. For further information on
the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions .
Please note: Because
of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for
colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
References
All citations in the text should refer to:
- Single Author: the Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the
year of publication;
- Two Authors: both Authors' names and the year of publication;
- Three or more Authors: first Author's name
followed by "et al." and the year of publication. Examples: "as demonstrated in (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Lee
et al. (2000) have recently shown"
In the references list references should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted
chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same Author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a",
"b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples: Reference to a journal publication:
-Griffiths,
W., Judge, G., 1992. Testing and estimating location vectors when the error covariance matrix is unknown. Journal of Econometrics 54,
121-138 (note that journal names are not to be abbreviated)
Reference to a book:
-Maddala, G.S., 1983. Limited Dependent
and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
-Reinganum, J., 1989. The timing of innovation: research development and diffusion. In: Schmalansee, R., Willig, R. (Eds.). Handbook
of Industrial Organization, Vol. I. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 849-908.
Citing and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the
full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (Author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also
be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included
in the reference list.
Reprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article
via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. This PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a
cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Submission checklist
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
E-mail address
Full postal address
Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
JEL code(s) and keywords
All figure captions
All tables (including
title, description, footnotes)
Manuscript has been "spellchecked"
References are in the correct format for this journal
All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
Permission has been obtained for use
of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
