All manuscripts should be submitted online through Elsevier Editorial System (EES), which can be accessed at http://ees.elsevier.com/crst
Submission of an article is understood to imply that the article is original and unpublished and is not being considered for
publication elsewhere
General instructions
1. Manuscripts should be structured in a way that conforms to that of the
journal.
2. Manuscripts must be
written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are recommended to seek the advice
of a colleague who has English
as his mother-tongue before submitting their manuscript. Manuscripts written in correct English require
less time for review and
publication.
3. Authors
should use IUGS terminology and S.I. units.
4. The manuscript should be prepared on a word
processor and printed with double spacing
and wide margins. The various headings should be clearly differentiated, and first and second
order headings should be numbered.
5.
The entire manuscript should be paginated. However, in the text no reference should be
made to page numbers; if necessary, you may refer
to section numbers.
6. Manuscripts should generally be organized in the
following order:
a. Title
b. Name(s) of the author(s)
and their affiliations and fax number and e-mail address. Fax numbers and
e-mail address should be placed as footnotes. In the case of
more than one author please indicate to whom the correspondence should
be addressed.
c. Abstract
d. Keywords
e. Introduction
f. Area descriptions, methods
and material studied
g. Results and analyses
h. Discussion and conclusions
i.
Acknowledgements
j. Appendices
k. References
l. Tables
m. Figure captions
n. Figures
Elsevier reserves the right of returning to the author
for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations
which are not in the form given in this guide.
Keywords
Authors must provide
4 to 6
keywords. These must be taken from the most recent American Geological Institute GeoRef Thesaurus and should be placed beneath
the abstract.
Abstract
The abstract should be a concise summary of the paper stating the methods used, the
main results and
the conclusions in a way that does not require reference to the body of the paper or to the bibliographic references; it should not be
longer than 500
words.
References
1. All references cited in the text are to be listed at the end of the paper. The manuscript
should be carefully checked to ensure that the spellings of authors' names and publication years are exactly the same in the text as
in
the reference list. Do not type author's and editor's names in capitals.
2. In the text refer to the author's name (without initials)
and year of publication, followed – if necessary – by a short reference to appropriate pages. Examples: ``Because Peterson
(1994) has shown that...''. ``This is in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1995, pp. 12–16)''.
3. If reference is
made in the text to publications written by more than two
authors the name of the first author should be used, followed by ``et al.''.
This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list names of authors and all co-authors must be given
in full.
4. References in the text should be arranged
chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by
authors' names, and chronologically per author. If an
author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order
should be used: Publications of the single author,
arranged according to publication year – publications of the same author with
one co-author, arranged according to publication
year – publications of the author with more than one co-author, arranged according
to publication year.
The following
system should be used for arranging references:
a. Journal papers: Names and initials
of all authors, year. Title
of paper. Journal name (given in full or abbreviated using the International List of Periodical Title Word
Abbreviations), volume number
(issue number): first and last page numbers of the paper.
Example:
Elbaz-Poulichet, F., Guan, D.M.
and Martin, J.M.,
1991. Trace metal behaviour in a highly stratified Mediterranean estuary: the Krka (Yugoslavia). Mar. Chem., 32:
211–224.
b. Monographs: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of the monograph. Publisher, location of
publisher.
Example:
Zhdanov, M.S. and Keller, G.V., 1994. The Geoelectrical Methods in Geophysical Exploration.
Elsevier, Amsterdam.
c. Edited volume
papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Names and initials of the
volume editors, title of the edited volume.
Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.
Example:
Thomas, E., 1992. Middle Eocene–late
Oligocene bathyal benthic foraminifera (Weddell Sea): faunal changes
and implications for ocean circulation. In: D.R. Prothero and W.A.
Berggren (Editors), Eocene–Oligocene Climatic and Biotic
Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 245–271.
d. Conference proceedings papers: Names and initials of
all authors, year. Title of paper. Name of the conference. Publisher, location
of publisher, first and last page numbers of the
paper.
Example:
Smith, M.W., 1988. The significance of climatic change for the
permafrost environment. Final Proc.
Int. Conf. Permafrost. Tapir, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 18–23.
e. Unpublished theses, reports,
etc.: Names and initials
of all authors, year. Title of item. All other relevant information needed to identify the item (e.g.,
technical report, Ph.D. thesis,
institute, etc.).
Example:
Moustakas, N., 1990. Relationships of morphological and physicochemical
properties of
Vertisols under Greek climate conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural Univ. Athens, Greece.
5. In the case of publications
in any
language other than English, the original title is to be retained. Titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated,
and a note such as `(in Russian)' or `(in Japanese, with English Abstr.)' should be added at the end of the
reference.
Illustrations
General points
Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
Save text in
illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica,
Times, Symbol.
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
Use a logical naming convention for
your artwork files.
Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts on separate sheets.
Provide
captions to illustrations separately.
Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
You are urged
to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application
used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or
save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped
line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi
is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply
"as is".
Please do not:
Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
Supply files that
are too low in resolution;
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief
title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain
all symbols and abbreviations used.
Line drawings
The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should
have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed
for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged.
Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form
part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification
factor in the caption.
Colour illustrations
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF,
EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then
Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites)
regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you
will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for
colour in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
Tables
1. Authors should take note of the limitations set by the size and layout of the
journal. A table should not exceed the printed area
of the page. If this appears impossible, reversing columns and rows will often make
the impossible possible.
2. Large tables should
be avoided. Foldouts can only be accepted in exceptional cases. If many data are
to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide
these over two or more tables.
3. Tables should be compiled on separate
sheets and must be numbered according to their sequence in
the text. The text must include references to all tables.
4. Each table
must have a brief and self-explanatory title. Column headings
should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. Units of measurement should
be given in parentheses. Vertical lines must not be used to
separate columns - leave extra space between the columns instead.
5.
Explanations that are necessary to the understanding of the
table should be given as footnotes at the bottom of the table. A footnote
should be indicated by a lower-case letter.
Formulae
1.
All formulae should be presented consistently and
clearly with regard to the meaning of each symbol and its correct location. Formulae
must be typed throughout.
2. All unusual
symbols must be collected in a separate list in the appendix, giving a clear explanation of
each symbol.
3. Please try to keep the
notation as simple as possible, and avoid ambiguities. Do not use special typefonts if there
is no urgent need to do so.
4. Different
formulae should be clearly separated in the manuscript, at least by punctuation marks, if
not by words. Avoid breaking formulae if
breaking is not strictly necessary (i.e., if the equation is less than one typed line). Never
let a sentence consist of formulae alone (i.e.,
without any connection with the preceding text).
5. Do not use complicated juxtapositions
of symbols. Also, try to avoid
complicated subscripts and superscripts; third-order indices especially present difficulties as to their
size and position, and fourth-order
indices are not acceptable.
6. The manuscript must show a clear distinction between similar symbols,
(e.g., between zero (0) and the letter
O, between one (1) and the letter l, and between multiplication (×) and the letter x).
7.
Important formulae (e.g.
definitions) must be displayed. All formulae which are to be referred to later on must be displayed and numbered
consecutively
throughout the paper; the number should appear on the right-hand side of the page.
8. In chemical formulae the valence
of ions
must be given as, for example, Ca2+ and CO32 rather than as
Ca++ and CO3--.
9.
Isotope numbers should precede the symbols
(e.g., 18O).
Footnotes
1. Footnotes should only be used if absolutely
essential. In most
cases it will be possible to incorporate them in the main text.
2. If used, footnotes should be numbered consecutively
throughout
the manuscript, indicated by superscript Arabic numbers, and kept as short as possible.
Page proofs
One set
of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding Author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs
will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version
7 available free from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will
accompany the proofs.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to
the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not
possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return
by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness
and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered
at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore,
it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying,
as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed
with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Copyright
1. Upon acceptance of an article by the journal,
the author(s) will be asked to transfer the copyright of the article to the publisher. This transfer will ensure the widest possible
dissemination of information.
2. The author is responsible for obtaining permission to use any copyrighted material:
a. When
quoting from someone else's work or when considering reproducing an illustration or table from a book or journal article, the author
should ensure that he is not infringing copyright.
b. Although in general an author may quote from other published works, he should
obtain permission from the copyright holder if he wishes to use substantial excerpts or to reproduce tables, plates, or other illustrations.
If the copyright holder is not the author of the quoted or reproduced material, it is recommended that the permission of the author in
question is also sought.
c. Material in unpublished letters and manuscripts is also protected and must not be published unless permission
has been obtained.
d. A suitable acknowledgement of any borrowed material must always be made.
3.
Company clearance, if applicable,
should be acquired prior to submission.
4. Submission of a paper for review is interpreted as
a statement that the permission to reproduce
and company clearance, if applicable, have been acquired.
5. The manuscript of a
paper intended for publication in the journal may
be reproduced and used elsewhere by the author, with the understanding that no use
will be made of the material for commercial purposes.
6.
Once the paper has been prepared in publication format by the
publisher, the permission of the publisher is required for any use of the
paper.
Reprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively,
25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover
image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Author's Discount
There is a 30% discount on
all Elsevier book publications. An order form will be sent together with the proofs.
Author Services
Authors can keep
a track on their accepted article, and set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's status, by using the 'Track
a Paper' feature in Elsevier's Author Gateway.
Submission Checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to submitting it for review. Please consult the
Guide for Authors for further details of any item. Ensure that the following items are present:
One Author designated
as corresponding Author:
E-mail address
Full postal address
Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary
files have been uploaded
Keywords
All figure captions
All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
Manuscript has been "spellchecked"
References are in the correct format
for this journal
All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
Colour figures
are clearly marked as being intended for colour reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in colour on
the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
If only colour on the Web is required, black and white versions of
the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
