By
Sven Erik Jørgensen, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
Brian Fath, Towson University, MD, U.S.A.
Simone Bastianoni, University of Siena, Italy
Joao Marques, IMAR, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Felix Muller, University of Kiel, Germany
S. Nors Nielsen, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
Bernard Patten, University of Georgia, Athens, U.S.A.
Enzo Tiezzi, University of Siena, Italy
Robert Ulanowicz, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomons, Maryland, U.S.A.
Description
A New Ecology presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness,
directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these
properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of
ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment
of ecosystem health.
Audience:
Researchers of ecology and biodiversity, as well as agencies tasked with environmental management and sustainability
