 |
|
| RAMAN AMPLIFICATION IN FIBER OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
| |
| | |
|
|
To order this title, and for more information, click here
Edited By
Clifford Headley, OFS Laboratories, Somerset, NJ, U.S.A.
Govind Agrawal, Institute of Optics at the University of Rochester, NY, USA
Description
Optical fiber telecommunications depend upon light traveling great distances through optical fibers. As light travels it tends to disperse
and this results in some degree of signal loss. Raman amplification is a technique that is effective in any fiber to amplify the signal
light as it travels through transmission fibers, compensating for inevitable signal loss.
Audience
Practicing engineers in the telecommunications industry, especially optical fiber telecommunications. Graduate students in optical engineering and telecommunications engineering.
Contents
Introduction: Overview of an optical telecommunication system; What is an optical fiber?Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in optical fibers;
Benefits of SRS; The emergence of Raman amplification. Stimulated Raman Scattering in optical Fibers: Maxwell?s and the wave equation;
Fiber Modes; Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation; Raman gain process; Coupled Amplitude Equations; CW coupled equations. Raman Pumping in
Optical Fiber Communications: Semiconductor Lasers; Laser structure; Materials used; Current capabilities e.g. power range, wavelength
range; Future trends; Raman fiber lasers; Description of the cascaded Raman fiber laser process; Description of pump sources; 9xx multimode
diodes; Yb-doped cladding pumped fiber laser; Rate Equations describing the process; Performance optimization e.g. choosing fiber length,
output coupler reflectivity; Multiple wavelength pumps; Higher order pump sources; Current capabilities e.g. power range, wavelength
range; Comparison between the two sources. Distributed Raman amplification along the Transmission span: Optical signal-to-noise ratio;
Increasing the optical signal-to-noise ratio; Increasing span reach or capacity; Equivalent noise and how to measure it; Multiple wavelength
Raman pumps for gain flatness; Selecting the correct wavelength and power distribution; Co and counter pumping; Advantages of counter
pumping; Reasons for co-pumping; Higher-order pumping; Why use higher order pumping? The tradeoff between going to different orders;
Time division multiplexing of pumps; Tradeoff between OSNR and nonlinear penalties. Discrete Raman amplifiers: Contrast with distributed
amplifiers; Rayleigh backscattered light; Noise figure now dominated by amplified spontaneous emission; Comparison of discrete Raman
amplifiers with other approaches, e.g. erbium, thulium etc.; Dispersion compensating fiber (DCF); What is DCF and why is it used; Raman
properties of DCF fiber which makes it attractive; Amplifier design issues; Fiber lengths; Number of stages; Optimization of fibers for
dispersion compensating Raman amplifiers. Impairments and Limitations to Raman Amplification: MPI penalties; Rayleigh backscattered light;
Effect on system performance; Measurement techniques; Time Domain extinction method; Electrical spectrum analyzer method; Pump signal
transfer; Transient effects such as adding or dropping channels in single spans and multiple spans; FWM impairments; Pump-pump interaction;
Pump-signal interaction.
| Bibliographic details |
Hardbound, 392 pages, publication date: DEC-2004
ISBN-13: 978-0-12-044506-6
ISBN-10: 0-12-044506-9
Imprint: ACADEMIC PRESS
|
| Price and Ordering |
Price:
USD 96.95
GBP 58.99
EUR 68.95
|  |
Books and book related electronic products are priced in US dollars (USD), euro (EUR), and Great Britain Pounds (GBP). USD prices apply to the Americas and Asia Pacific. EUR prices apply in Europe and the Middle East. GBP prices apply to the UK and all other countries.
|
See also information about conditions of sale & ordering procedures, and links to our regional sales offices.
|
999/999
Last update: 5 Sep 2009
|
|
| |
| | |
|
|
| |
Home | Elsevier Sites | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | Feedback | Site Map | A Reed Elsevier Company