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EVIDENCE-BASED OBSTETRICS
Evidence-Based Obstetrics
A Companion Volume to High Risk Pregnancy, 2nd Edition
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By
David James, MA, MD, FRCOG, DCH, Professor of Fetomaternal Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
Kassam Mahomed, MBChB, FRCOG, MD, FRANZCOG
Peter Stone, MBChB, MD, FRCOG, FRANZCOG, DDU, CMEM
Willem van Wijngaarden, MD, DM, MRCOG, DGO
Lyndon Hill, MD, FACOG

Description
This companion to James et al's popular HIGH RISK PREGNANCY, 2ND EDITION, summarizes the evidence for a broad range of obstetric clinical problems. Its convenient handbook summary style and cross references to HIGH RISK PREGNANCY make it perfect for on-the-spot consultations and for further study.

Audience
Primary: Obstetricians and Nurse Practitioners
Secondary: Midwives

Contents
PREPREGNANCY
1 PREPREGNANCY EDUCATION


1.1
Nutritional Preparation for Pregnancy


1.2
Exercise


1.3
Work



2 ORGANIZATION OF PRENATAL CARE
2.1
Organization of Prenatal Care and Identification of Risk



3 GENETIC COUNSELING
3.1
Genetic Counseling



4 SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
4.1
Pregnancy in Adolescence


4.2
Advanced Maternal Age and Pregnancy


4.3
Pregnancy in Women at the Extremes of Parity


4.4
Pregnancy in Women with Poor Socioeconomic Background


4.5
Pregnancy in Women from Different Ethnic Backgrounds



5 MATERNAL WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
5.1
Pregnancy in Underweight Women


5.2
Pregnancy in Overweight Women


5.3
Abnormal Weight Gain in Pregnancy



EARLY PREGNANCY
6 BLEEDING IN EARLY PREGNANCY
6.1
Bleeding in Early Pregnancy


7 RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE
7.1
Recurrent Miscarriage



8 SCREENING FOR FETAL ABNORMALITY
8.1
Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening for Neural Tube Defects


8.2
Serum Screening for Fetal Chromosomal Abnormality


8.3
The Routine Obstetric Ultrasound Scan




9 INVASIVE FETAL PROCEDURES
9.1
Chorion Villus Sampling and Placental Biopsy


9.2
Amniocentisis


9.3
Fetal Blood Sampling Before Labor


9.4
Fetal Tissue Biopsy


9.5
Selective Reduction of Pregnancy

FETAL PROBLEMS
10 FETAL HEALTH


10.1
Assessing Fetal Health

11 FETAL GROWTH


11.1
Fetal Growth Restriction



12 ABNORMALITIES OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
12.1
Abnormalities of Amniotic Fluid



13 FETAL DEATH
13.1
Fetal Death



14 FETAL HYDROPS
14.1
Fetal Hydrops



15 FETAL HEMOLYTIC DISEASE
15.1
Fetal Hemolytic Disease


16 FETAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA
16.1
Fetal Thrombocytopenia



17 FETAL CARDIAC PROBLEMS
17.1
Fetal Arrhythmias


17.2
Cardiac Malformations



18 CRANIOSPINAL AND FACIAL ABNORMALITIES
18.1
Open Neural Tube Defects: Anencephaly, Cephalocele and Spina Bifida


18.2
Hydrocephalus


18.3
The Holoprosencephaly Sequence


18.4
Facial Clefts


18.5
Dandy-Walker Malformation


18.6
Aneurysm of the Vein of Galen


18.7
Hydranencephaly


18.8
Microcephaly


18.9
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum


18.10
Intracranial Hemorrhage and Porencephaly


18.11
Choroid Plexus Cyst


18.12
Cystic Hygroma


18.13
Caudal Regression Syndrome



19 GENITOURINARY MALFORMATIONS
19.1
Gentourinary Malformations



20 GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES
20.1
Omphalocele


20.2
Gastroschisis


20.3
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia


20.4
Esophageal Atresia (± Fistula)


20.5
Duodenal Atresia


20.6
Jejunoileal Atresia


20.7
Large bowel Obstruction, anal Atresia, Imperforate Anus


20.8
Meconium Ileus/Peritonitis


20.9
Intra-Abdominal Echolucent ('cystic') Structures


20.10
Echogenic Bowel and Liver



21 SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES
21.1
Skeletal Abnormalities



22 FETAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
22.1
Fetal Hyperthyroidism


22.2
Fetal Hypothyroidism


22.3
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia



23 FETAL TUMORS
23.1
Fetal Tumors



INFECTION
24 INFECTION
24.1
Measles (Rubeola)


24.2
Rubella


24.3
Varicella-zoster Virus


24.4
Cytomegalovirus


24.5
Parvovirus B19


24.6
Herpes Simplex Virus (Genital)


24.7
Hepatitis B Virus


24.8
Human Immunodeficiency Virus


24.9
Listeriosis


24.10
Toxoplasmosis


24.11
Urinary Tract Infections


24.12
Intra-amniotic Infections (Chorioamnionitis)


24.13
Sexually Transmitted Diseases


24.14
Candidiasis


24.15
Group B Streptococcal Infection


24.16
Tuberculosis


24.17
Malaria


24.18
Lyme disease



MATERNAL PROBLEMS
25 SMOKING AND DRUGS
25.1
Cigarette Smoking


25.2
Alcohol


25.3
Drug Abuse: General


25.4
Drug Abuse: Specific - heroin, cocaine, barbiturates etc.


25.5
Medication During Pregnancy



26 HYPERTENSION, PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA
26.1
Chronic hypertension


26.2
Preeclampsia


26.3
Severe/Acute Hypertension


26.4
Eclampsia


27 DIABETES
27.1
Diabetes


28 CARDIAC DISEASE
28.1
Cardiac disease: General


28.2
Cardiac disease: Specific



29 THYROID DISEASE
29.1
Hyperthyroidism


29.2
Hypothyroidism


29.3
Thyroid Nodule in Pregnancy



30 PITUITARY AND ADRENAL DISEASE
30.1
Pituitary Disorders


30.2
Adrenal Disease



31 HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASE
31.1
Iron- and Folate-Deficiency Anemia


31.2
Sickle-cell Anemia


31.3
Thrombocytopenia


31.4
Abnormalities in neutrophil count


31.5
Coagulation Disorders: Congenital


31.6
Coagulation Disorders: Acquired


31.7
Nonleukemic Myeloproliferative Disorders


31.8
Hematological Malignancies



32 RESPIRATORY DISEASE
32.1
Breathlessness


32.2
Asthma


32.3
Sarcoid


32.4
Tuberculosis


32.5
Kyphoscoliosis


32.6
Cystic Fibrosis (maternal)


32.7
Pneumonia



33 HEPATIC AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
33.1
Obstetric Cholestasis


33.2
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy


33.3
Hyperemesis Gravidarum


33.4
The liver in severe Preeclampsia


33.5
Peptic Ulceration in Pregnancy


33.6
Celiac Disease in Pregnancy


33.7
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pregnancy



34 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
34.1
Seizures


34.2
Cerebrovascular Disease


34.3
Headache


34.4
Mononeuropathies


34.5
Polyneuropathies


34.6
Myotonic Dystrophy


34.7
Multiple Sclerosis


34.8
Cerebral Tumors


34.9
Movement Disorders


34.10
Cerebral Abscess

35 RENAL DISEASE


35.1
Chronic Renal Insufficiency


35.2
Chronic Hemodialysis


35.3
Renal Transplantation


35.4
Acute Renal Failure


35.5
Nephrolithiasis



36 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
36.1
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus


36.2
Antiphospholipid Syndrome


36.3
Rheumatoid Arthritis


36.4
Systemic Sclerosis


36.5
Myasthenia Gravis



37 ORTHOPEDIC, BACK AND JOINT PROBLEMS
37.1
General Evaluation of Back and Pelvic Pain


37.2
Management of Back and Pelvic Pain during Pregnancy


37.3
Scoliosis

37.4
Pelvic Arthropathy


37.5
Rupture of the Pubic Symphysis


37.6
Hip Problems



38 THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE
38.1
Thromboembolic Disease



39 DERMATOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
39.1
Preexisting Skin Disorders


39.2
Pruritus in Pregnancy


39.3
Rashes in Pregnancy



40 BENIGN GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASE
40.1
Subfertility


40.2
Ovarian Cysts


40.3
Fibroids


40.4
Prolapse


40.5
Other Gynecological Diseases and Problems

41 MALIGNANT DISEASE (NONHEMATOLOGICAL)


41.1
Cervical Cancer


41.2
Ovarian Cancer


41.3
Other Gynecological Malignant Disease


41.4
Breast Cancer


41.5
Malignant Melanoma


41.6
Colorectal Carcinoma


41.7
Thyroid Cancer
42 TRAUMA


42.1
General Management Options


42.2
Blunt Trauma


42.3
Penetrating Trauma


42.4
Burns


42.5
Electrical Injury


42.6
Perimortem Cesarean Section



43 ABDOMINAL PAIN
43.1
Round Ligament Pain


43.2
Severe Uterine Torsion


43.3
Heartburn, Excess Vomiting and Constipation


43.4
Uterine Fibroids


43.5
Uterine Rupture


43.6
Torsion or Adnexa


43.7
Appendicitis


43.8
Intestinal Obstruction


43.9
Cholecystitis


43.10
Acute Pancreatitis


43.11
Abdominal Pregnancy



LATE PREGNANCY
44 BLEEDING IN LATE PREGNANCY
44.1
Bleeding in Late Pregnancy


45 MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
45.1
Multiple Pregnancy: General problems


45.2
Multiple Pregnancy: Specific problems



46 PREMATURITY
46.1
Threatened and Actual Preterm Labor



46.2
Premature Rupture of the Membranes



LABOR AND DELIVERY
47 LABOR AMD DELIVERY PROBLEMS
47.1
Breech Presentation


47.2
Unstable Lie


47.3
Prolonged Pregnancy


47.4
Induction of Labor and Termination for Fetal Abnormality


47.5
Poor progress in Labor


47.6
Fetal Distress in Labor


47.7
Pain During Parturition


47.8
Assisted Vaginal Delivery


47.9
Previous Cesarean Section


47.10
Cesarean Section



POSTNATAL
48 POSTNATAL PROBLEMS
48.1
Postpartum Hemorrhage


48.2
Other Problems of the Third Stage


48.3
Resuscitation and Immediate Care of the Newborn


48.4
Counseling about Neonatal Problems


48.5
Puerperal Problems


48.6
Postnatal Contraception and Sterilization





PREPREGNANCY
1 PREPREGNANCY EDUCATION
1.1
Nutritional Preparation for Pregnancy


1.2
Exercise


1.3
Work



2 ORGANIZATION OF PRENATAL CARE
2.1
Organization of Prenatal Care and Identification of Risk



3 GENETIC COUNSELING
3.1
Genetic Counseling



4 SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
4.1
Pregnancy in Adolescence


4.2
Advanced Maternal Age and Pregnancy


4.3
Pregnancy in Women at the Extremes of Parity


4.4
Pregnancy in Women with Poor Socioeconomic Background


4.5
Pregnancy in Women from Different Ethnic Backgrounds



5 MATERNAL WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
5.1
Pregnancy in Underweight Women


5.2
Pregnancy in Overweight Women


5.3
Abnormal Weight Gain in Pregnancy



EARLY PREGNANCY
6 BLEEDING IN EARLY PREGNANCY
6.1
Bleeding in Early Pregnancy


7 RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE
7.1
Recurrent Miscarriage



8 SCREENING FOR FETAL ABNORMALITY
8.1
Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening for Neural Tube Defects


8.2
Serum Screening for Fetal Chromosomal Abnormality


8.3
The Routine Obstetric Ultrasound Scan




9 INVASIVE FETAL PROCEDURES
9.1
Chorion Villus Sampling and Placental Biopsy


9.2
Amniocentisis


9.3
Fetal Blood Sampling Before Labor


9.4
Fetal Tissue Biopsy


9.5
Selective Reduction of Pregnancy

FETAL PROBLEMS
10 FETAL HEALTH


10.1
Assessing Fetal Health

11 FETAL GROWTH


11.1
Fetal Growth Restriction



12 ABNORMALITIES OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
12.1
Abnormalities of Amniotic Fluid



13 FETAL DEATH
13.1
Fetal Death



14 FETAL HYDROPS
14.1
Fetal Hydrops



15 FETAL HEMOLYTIC DISEASE
15.1
Fetal Hemolytic Disease


16 FETAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA
16.1
Fetal Thrombocytopenia



17 FETAL CARDIAC PROBLEMS
17.1
Fetal Arrhythmias


17.2
Cardiac Malformations



18 CRANIOSPINAL AND FACIAL ABNORMALITIES
18.1
Open Neural Tube Defects: Anencephaly, Cephalocele and Spina Bifida


18.2
Hydrocephalus


18.3
The Holoprosencephaly Sequence


18.4
Facial Clefts


18.5
Dandy-Walker Malformation


18.6
Aneurysm of the Vein of Galen


18.7
Hydranencephaly


18.8
Microcephaly


18.9
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum


18.10
Intracranial Hemorrhage and Porencephaly


18.11
Choroid Plexus Cyst


18.12
Cystic Hygroma


18.13
Caudal Regression Syndrome



19 GENITOURINARY MALFORMATIONS
19.1
Gentourinary Malformations



20 GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES
20.1
Omphalocele


20.2
Gastroschisis


20.3
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia


20.4
Esophageal Atresia (± Fistula)


20.5
Duodenal Atresia


20.6
Jejunoileal Atresia


20.7
Large bowel Obstruction, anal Atresia, Imperforate Anus


20.8
Meconium Ileus/Peritonitis


20.9
Intra-Abdominal Echolucent ('cystic') Structures


20.10
Echogenic Bowel and Liver



21 SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES
21.1
Skeletal Abnormalities



22 FETAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
22.1
Fetal Hyperthyroidism


22.2
Fetal Hypothyroidism


22.3
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia



23 FETAL TUMORS
23.1
Fetal Tumors



INFECTION
24 INFECTION
24.1
Measles (Rubeola)


24.2
Rubella


24.3
Varicella-zoster Virus


24.4
Cytomegalovirus


24.5
Parvovirus B19


24.6
Herpes Simplex Virus (Genital)


24.7
Hepatitis B Virus


24.8
Human Immunodeficiency Virus


24.9
Listeriosis


24.10
Toxoplasmosis


24.11
Urinary Tract Infections


24.12
Intra-amniotic Infections (Chorioamnionitis)


24.13
Sexually Transmitted Diseases


24.14
Candidiasis


24.15
Group B Streptococcal Infection


24.16
Tuberculosis


24.17
Malaria


24.18
Lyme disease



MATERNAL PROBLEMS
25 SMOKING AND DRUGS
25.1
Cigarette Smoking


25.2
Alcohol


25.3
Drug Abuse: General


25.4
Drug Abuse: Specific - heroin, cocaine, barbiturates etc.


25.5
Medication During Pregnancy



26 HYPERTENSION, PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA
26.1
Chronic hypertension


26.2
Preeclampsia


26.3
Severe/Acute Hypertension


26.4
Eclampsia


27 DIABETES
27.1
Diabetes


28 CARDIAC DISEASE
28.1
Cardiac disease: General


28.2
Cardiac disease: Specific



29 THYROID DISEASE
29.1
Hyperthyroidism


29.2
Hypothyroidism


29.3
Thyroid Nodule in Pregnancy



30 PITUITARY AND ADRENAL DISEASE
30.1
Pituitary Disorders


30.2
Adrenal Disease



31 HEMATOLOGICAL DISEASE
31.1
Iron- and Folate-Deficiency Anemia


31.2
Sickle-cell Anemia


31.3
Thrombocytopenia


31.4
Abnormalities in neutrophil count


31.5
Coagulation Disorders: Congenital


31.6
Coagulation Disorders: Acquired


31.7
Nonleukemic Myeloproliferative Disorders


31.8
Hematological Malignancies



32 RESPIRATORY DISEASE
32.1
Breathlessness


32.2
Asthma


32.3
Sarcoid


32.4
Tuberculosis


32.5
Kyphoscoliosis


32.6
Cystic Fibrosis (maternal)


32.7
Pneumonia



33 HEPATIC AND GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
33.1
Obstetric Cholestasis


33.2
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy


33.3
Hyperemesis Gravidarum


33.4
The liver in severe Preeclampsia


33.5
Peptic Ulceration in Pregnancy


33.6
Celiac Disease in Pregnancy


33.7
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Pregnancy



34 NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE
34.1
Seizures


34.2
Cerebrovascular Disease


34.3
Headache


34.4
Mononeuropathies


34.5
Polyneuropathies


34.6
Myotonic Dystrophy


34.7
Multiple Sclerosis


34.8
Cerebral Tumors


34.9
Movement Disorders


34.10
Cerebral Abscess

35 RENAL DISEASE


35.1
Chronic Renal Insufficiency


35.2
Chronic Hemodialysis


35.3
Renal Transplantation


35.4
Acute Renal Failure


35.5
Nephrolithiasis



36 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
36.1
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus


36.2
Antiphospholipid Syndrome


36.3
Rheumatoid Arthritis


36.4
Systemic Sclerosis


36.5
Myasthenia Gravis



37 ORTHOPEDIC, BACK AND JOINT PROBLEMS
37.1
General Evaluation of Back and Pelvic Pain


37.2
Management of Back and Pelvic Pain during Pregnancy


37.3
Scoliosis

37.4
Pelvic Arthropathy


37.5
Rupture of the Pubic Symphysis


37.6
Hip Problems



38 THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE
38.1
Thromboembolic Disease



39 DERMATOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
39.1
Preexisting Skin Disorders


39.2
Pruritus in Pregnancy


39.3
Rashes in Pregnancy



40 BENIGN GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASE
40.1
Subfertility


40.2
Ovarian Cysts


40.3
Fibroids


40.4
Prolapse


40.5
Other Gynecological Diseases and Problems

41 MALIGNANT DISEASE (NONHEMATOLOGICAL)


41.1
Cervical Cancer


41.2
Ovarian Cancer


41.3
Other Gynecological Malignant Disease


41.4
Breast Cancer


41.5
Malignant Melanoma


41.6
Colorectal Carcinoma


41.7
Thyroid Cancer
42 TRAUMA


42.1
General Management Options


42.2
Blunt Trauma


42.3
Penetrating Trauma


42.4
Burns


42.5
Electrical Injury


42.6
Perimortem Cesarean Section



43 ABDOMINAL PAIN
43.1
Round Ligament Pain


43.2
Severe Uterine Torsion


43.3
Heartburn, Excess Vomiting and Constipation


43.4
Uterine Fibroids


43.5
Uterine Rupture


43.6
Torsion or Adnexa


43.7
Appendicitis


43.8
Intestinal Obstruction


43.9
Cholecystitis


43.10
Acute Pancreatitis


43.11
Abdominal Pregnancy



LATE PREGNANCY
44 BLEEDING IN LATE PREGNANCY
44.1
Bleeding in Late Pregnancy


45 MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
45.1
Multiple Pregnancy: General problems


45.2
Multiple Pregnancy: Specific problems



46 PREMATURITY
46.1
Threatened and Actual Preterm Labor



46.2
Premature Rupture of the Membranes



LABOR AND DELIVERY
47 LABOR AMD DELIVERY PROBLEMS
47.1
Breech Presentation


47.2
Unstable Lie


47.3
Prolonged Pregnancy


47.4
Induction of Labor and Termination for Fetal Abnormality


47.5
Poor progress in Labor


47.6
Fetal Distress in Labor


47.7
Pain During Parturition


47.8
Assisted Vaginal Delivery


47.9
Previous Cesarean Section


47.10
Cesarean Section



POSTNATAL
48 POSTNATAL PROBLEMS
48.1
Postpartum Hemorrhage


48.2
Other Problems of the Third Stage


48.3
Resuscitation and Immediate Care of the Newborn


48.4
Counseling about Neonatal Problems


48.5
Puerperal Problems


48.6
Postnatal Contraception and Sterilization

Bibliographic details
Paperback, 424 pages, publication date: OCT-2002
ISBN-13: 978-0-7020-2547-1
ISBN-10: 0-7020-2547-X
Imprint: SAUNDERS


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Last update: 10 Sep 2009
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