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 Proceedings of the International Congress on Chronobiology, Paris, France, 7-11 September 1997
Edited by
Y. Touitou, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médicine Pitié-Salpétriè, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, , 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France. , Email: touitou@ccr.jussieu.fr
Included in series
International Congress, 1152
Description
This volume comprises the lectures and a selection of communications presented at the International Congress on Chronobiology, held in
Paris, in September, 1997.
During the last three decades it has been shown that a number of physiologic functions are regulated by
a system of clocks controlling basel levels of activity and responsitivity to changes in the environment. At the beginning of this century
(1935) Erwin Bünning was the first to demonstrate that plants and insects still displayed circadian rhythms after they or their
parents were raised in constant conditions. Later on, he was the first to demonstrate that circadian clocks measure the length of the
day. In the 1950s, Colin Pittendrigh provided strong evidence that circadianphenomena are not learned but they display endogenous properties,
the periods of which are independent of environmental factors. Since then, a number of investigations have extensively documented properties
of biological clocks and demonstrated their presence in organisms ranging from single-celled algae to humans.
This book reflects, and
is a token of the recent advances in the study of biological rhythms in different areas such as molecular genetics, cell functions, neurobiology,
biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology as well as the effects of the environmental signals (light, temperature..) on biological periodicities.
The importance of rhythmicity in health and disease is also well highlighted in this volume.
These advances in both fundamental and
applied chronobiology are presented in five parts: Molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of biological rhythms; Environmental signals,
entrainment and regulation of biological rhythms; Melatonin and the pineal gland; Neuroendocrinology, metabolism and nutrition; Experimental
medicine; clinical perspectives.
Contents
Preface.
I. Molecular, Cellular and Genetic Aspects of Biological Rhythms.
Entrainment pathways in the mammalian brain (R.Y. Moore).
Non-photic entrainment mechanisms (M.H. Hastings et al.). Physiological ``dissection'' of the mammalian biological clock (R.
Silver, M.-T. Romero, J. LeSauter) Non-SCN rhythm in the circadian domain (K. Honma, S. Honma). Molecular analyses of the Xenopus photoreceptor
circadian oscillator (C.B. Green, J.C. Besharse). Dopamine and retinal circadian rhythms in mammals (J. Nguyen-Legros, E. Chanut, C.
Versaux-Botteri). External signals and internal oscillation dynamics: frequency coding, signal amplification and interaction mechanisms
(F. Kaiser). Modeling human circadian phase and amplitude resetting (R.E. Kronauer, M.E. Jewett, C.A. Czeisler). Models of temperature
compensation in biological rhythms (P. Ruoff). Modeling circadian oscillations of the PER and TIM proteins in Drosophila (J.-C. Leloup,
A. Goldbeter). Antagonistic effects of melatonin and PACAP on CREB phosphorylation in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (M. Kopp, H.-W.
Korf, H. Meissl). Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) in the retinohypothalamic tract phase shifts the circadian clock
(J.D. Mikkelsen et al.).
Transplantation of fetal rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) genetically modified via adenovirus-mediated
gene transfer (K.E. van Esseveldt et al.). Twenty four hour variation in the function of the terminal 5-HT1B autoreceptor in
the rat SCN (M.L. Garabette et al.). Evolution of NOS neurons, NADPH-diaphorase activity and glutamatergic receptors in the
suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of Syrian hamsters after retinal bilateral deafferentation (M. Caillol et al.). Circadian rhythms
of glutathione and mitochondrial activity in human hepatic cell line. Influence of melatonin
(RA. Osseni et al.). Effect of
light environment upon the development of the astrocytic population within the circadian clock of hamster (M. Lavialle et al.).
Fluctuations of the transcription factor C/EBP in the hamster clock: role upon energy metabolism regulation in astrocytes? (J. Serviere et al.). Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors alter the period and phase of a molluscan circadian clock
(N.A. Krucher, L. Meijer,
M.H. Roberts). Role of cyclic AMP in the regulation of cell division by the circadian oscillator in photoautotrophically grown Euglena
gracilis (G. Mohabir, L.N. Edmunds Jr.). Temporal organization of shoot elongation in tomato plants: an experimental approach (C.I. Assaad et al.). Photoperiodic control of flowering -- `florigen' a frequency-coded electric signal? (E. Wagner, J. Normann, J.T.P.
Albrechtova).
II. Environmental Signals, Entrainment and Regulation of Biological Rhythms.
Interaction of circadian, ultradian
and infradian rhythms
E. Haus et al.). Seeing through the environment into the body clock in humans
J. Waterhouse et al.).
Photoreception and circadian regulation in vertebrates
(T. Oishi, R. Morishima, A. Masuda). Action spectrum of the circadian clock photoreceptor
in Drosophila melanogaster (K. Ohata, H. Nishiyama, Y. Tsukahara).
Natural photic Zeitgeber signals and underlying neuronal mechanisms
in scorpions( G. Fleissner, G. Fleissner). Light evoked C-FOS expression in the SCN is different under on/off and twilight conditions
(H.M. Cooper et al.). Circadian functions and clinical applications of dawn simulation (A. Wirz-Justice et al.).
Mammalian seasonal rhythms: new perspectives gained from the use of simulated natural photoperiods (M.R. Gorman, I. Zucker). The effects
of a 27-h `day' in the presence and absence of natural daylight (D. Minors et al.). Physiological significance of light for
behavioral and autonomic temperature regulation in humans in terms of circadian rhythm (H. Tokura et al.). Light/dark cycle
modulates neuronal presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in rat hippocampus (W.M. Zago , R.P. Markus). Calcineurin modulates
circadian rhythms and circadian responses to light (D.A. Golombek, M. Katz, M.R. Ralph). Winter and summer SAD explained as protective
mechanisms regulated by light and temperature expectations (C. Hagfors, L.-H. Thorell). Phase shifts produced domestically by light
but not activity in humans
(J. Waterhouse et al.). Subjective sleepiness in shift work (T. Akerstedt et al.). Effect
of an abrupt sleep shift on the 24-hour TSH rhythm: comparison with other markers of the circadian clock (B. Goichot et al.).
Changes in sleep in relation to circadian phase in the blind (S.W. Lockley, D.J. Skene, J. Arendt). Sleep--wake cycle and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin
excretion in hypoprolactinemic rats under constant darkness (L.L. Lobo et al.).
III. Melatonin and the Pineal Gland.
The use of light and melatonin in the treatment of circadian phase disorders
(A.J. Lewy, N.L. Cutler, R.L. Sack). Sites of action of
melatonin in mediating seasonal timing (E.S. Maywood). Genetic control of melatonin secretion (P. Chemineau et al.). 50-Hz
Magnetic fields and pineal function in rats and humans (Y. Touitou et al.). The efficacy of melatonin receptor analogues is
dependent on the level of human melatonin receptor subtype expression (M.L. Dubocovich, M.I. Masana). Melatonin receptors in human prostate
epithelial cells (N. Zisapel, H. Matzkin, E. Gilad). Circadian and diurnal rhythms of mel1a melatonin receptor mRNA in the suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN) of C3H/HeN mice (M.I. Masana, S. Benloucif, M.L. Dubocovich). Melatonin and S-20098 improve sleep disorder and life expectancy
in an animal model of sleeping sickness (G. Grassi-Zucconi et al.). In a diurnal rodent, adaptation of circadian rhythmicity
to a shift in the light--dark cycle can be accelerated by a melatonin-agonist (O. Van Reeth et al.). Effect of electromagnetic
fields emitted by mobile telephones on endocrine circadian rhythms in humans (R. de Seze et al.). Melatonin is not involved
in the integration of the photoperiod by the SCN, in the Syrian hamster (N. Jacob, P. Vuillez, P. Pevet). Melatonin stimulates GnRH neuron
rapidly (K. Nakazawa et al.). Estimation of nocturnal melatonin production in humans by deconvolution analysis (M. Geoffriau,
B. Claustrat, J. Veldhuis). Unsystematic alterations of melatonin secretion patterns in patients with chronic sleep--wake rhythm disorders
(A. Rodenbeck, G. Huether, G. Hajak). Daily and yearly variation in salivary melatonin in the subarctic (A. Weydahl, R.B. Sothern, L.
Wetterberg). Melatonin secretion in a nocturnal prosimian primate: effect of photoperiod and aging (F. Aujard, I. Boissy, B. Claustrat).
Color deficient subjects: 1) The effect of different light wavelengths on nocturnal courses of the core temperature and melatonin excretion
2) Deviations in circadian rhythms of the core temperature (D. Rutkowska, T. Morita, H. Tokura). Inhibitory effect of light of different
wavelengths on the behavior of core temperature and melatonin during the nighttime in humans. (T. Morita, Y. Teramoto, H. Tokura). Nocturnal
exercise induces phase-shifts of thyrotropin and melatonin circadian rhythms in man (M. L'Hermite-Baleriaux et al.). Light-induced
suppression of the rat circadian cardiovascular rhythms could not be restored by daily subcutaneous melatonin injections (F. Sannajust,
S. Briaud, B.L. Zhang). Melatonin and cortisol circadian rhythms in Alzheimer's Disease patients and normal elderly subjects (N.P. Vasavan
Nair et al.).
IV. Neuroendocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition.
The circannual rhythm controlling ovarian function in
the ewe: possible neural elements (R.L. Goodman, J.-C. Thiery, B. Malpaux). Neuroendocrine systems controlling seasonality of reproduction
in mammals: variations on the theme and species diversity (S. Steinlechner). Neuroendocrine circadian rhythms in disorders of eating
behaviour (E. Ferrari et al.). Dietary and neural correlates of temporal aspects of feeding (L. Thibault). Hunger sensation:
its rhythmicity in physiological and clinical conditions (P. Cugini). Circadian rhythms of insulin sensitivity and its role in the treatment
of diabetes mellitus (G.B. Bolli). Circadian control of corticosterone, melatonin and insulin release: important roles for suprachiasmatic
nucleus efferents and the autonomic nervous system (A. Kalsbeek, J.H. Strubbe, R.M. Buijs). Critical role of daylength in energy balance
in a non human primate (M. Perret, F. Aujard, G. Vannier). Amplitude adjustment of the juvenile rat's circadian rhythm of metabolism:
a paradigmatic mode of energy saving (B. Nuesslein-Hildesheim, H. Döring, I. Schmidt). Altered postprandial responses due to meal
composition in simulated shift work (S. Hampton et al.). Circadian organization of cortisol, DHEAs and melatonin secretion
in physiological and pathological aging (F. Magri et al.). Multifrequency time structure in LH, prolactin and cortisol plasma
concentrations (H. Lewy et al.).
V. Experimental Medicine: Clinical Perspectives
General concepts and new trends in
chronopharmacology (B. Bruguerolle). Transgenic rats as a model for cardiovascular chronopharmacology (B. Lemmer, A. Schnecko, K. Witte).
New tools in renal chronophysiopathology (J. Cambar, M. Pons). Circadian rhythm in experimental tumor carcinogenesis and progression
and the role of melatonin
(D.E. Blask et al.). Chronochemotherapy of colorectal cancer. From Villejuif to Europe (L. Dogliotti,
M. Tampellini, F. Levi). Colorectal cancer chronotherapy: implementation in general hospitals and clinical results (J. Jolivet, Y. Letourneau).
Densified chronotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and carboplatin for refractory advanced colorectal cancer. A phase II study
(C. Focan et al.). Clinical relevance of circadian rhythm assessment in cancer patients (M.C. Mormont et al.). Lack
of major effect of tumor growth and fluoropyrimidine treatment upon maintenance of fertility cycling (P.A. Wood, S.G. Waldo, W.J.M. Hrushesky).
Mitotic circadian control in rat hepatocarcinogenesis: the genetic effects (C. Herens, B. Bouzahzah, H. Barbason). Blood pressure variability
in healthy and complicated pregnancies (D.E. Ayala, R.C. Hermida). Effects of the parasympathetic nervous system and vasopressin on circadian
rhythms of cardiovascular system in the rat (M. Makino et al.). Early identification and prophylaxis of gestational hypertension
and preeclampsia (R.C. Hermida, D.E. Ayala). Circadian time-dependent effects of fencamfamine on inhibition of dopamine uptake and release
in rats (R. DeLucia et al.). Time-of-day effect of Ciclosporin A on renal function in unanesthetized freely moving rats (M.
Pons, J. Cambar). Circadian rhythm influences on decompression outcome in rats (B.D. Butler, T. Little, M.H. Smolensky). Modulation of
the 24-h rhythm of body temperature in different phases of the woman menstrual cycle (A. Cagnacci et al.). Treatment of circadian
rhythm disturbances in healthy and demented elderly (E.J.W. van Someren et al.). Location of the mechanisms involved in the
circadian rhythm of muscle strength (D. Davenne, A. Gauthier). Endogenous circadian performance rhythms -- relationship to temperature,
cortisol, melatonin, mood and alertness (T.H. Monk et al.). Decreased period length of motor activity circadian rhythm in a
rat model of endogenous depression (J.M. Montes et al.). Circadian patterns of serum endogenous benzodiazepines (P. Sand et
al.). Circadian and circannual rhythmicity in the occurrence of epistaxis (F. Portaluppi et al.). Cortisol pulsatility
and delta wave activity during sleep in man (C. Gronfier et al.). Index of Authors.
| Bibliographic details |
Hardbound, 598 pages, publication date: MAY-1998
ISBN-13: 978-0-444-82503-2
ISBN-10: 0-444-82503-7
Imprint: EXCERPTA MEDICA
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