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FUNDAMENTALS OF PETROLEUM REFINING
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining
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By
Mohamed Fahim
Taher Al-Sahhaf
Amal Elkilani

Audience
Students in Chemical Engineering, practitioners in refineries, and consultants to the Oil and Gas industry

Contents
CH. 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Refinery Processes
1.3 Refinery Configuration

CH. 2: REFINERY FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Composition of Crude Oils
2.3 Products Composition
2.4 Physical Property Characterization Data
2.5 Chemical Analysis Data

CH. 3: THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS AND CRUDE OILS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Input Data
3.3 Pseudo Components
3.4 Thermo Physical Properties Calculation
3.5 Calculation of Enthalpy of Petroleum Fractions
3.6 Estimation of Properties Related to Phase Changes
3.7 Calculating Properties Utilizing UNISIM Software
Questions and Problems

CH. 4: CRUDE DISTILLATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Process Description
4.3 Operation of Crude Distillation Units
4.4 Crude Oil Desalting
4.5 Vacuum Distillation
4.6 Crude Distillation Material Balance
4.7 Design of Crude Distillation Units Using Simulator
Questions and Problems

CH. 5: CATALYTIC REFORMING AND ISOMERIZATION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Catalytic Reforming
5.3 Isomerization of Light Naphtha
Questions and Problems

CH. 6: THERMAL CRACKING AND COKING PROCESSES
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Coke Formation
6.3 Thermodynamics of Coking of Light Hydrocarbon
6.4 Visbreaking
6.5 Delayed Coking
6.6 Fluid Coking
6.7 Flexicoking
Questions and Problems

CH. 7: HYDROCONVERSION PROCESSES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Hydrotreating
7.3 Hydrocracking
Questions and Problems

CH. 8: FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING (FCC)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Role of FCC in the Refinery
8.3 Feeds and Products
8.4 FCC Process Description
8.5 Fluidization
8.6 FCC Catalyst
8.7 FCC Reactions
8.8 Kinetic Model for FCC Reactor
8.9 Thermodynamics of FCC Reactions
8.10 FCC Yield Correlations
8.11 Material and Energy Balance
8.12 Material and Energy Balances Around the Riser
8.13 Simulation of FCC Unit
8.14 New Technology
Questions and Problems

CH. 9: RESIDUE UPGRADING
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Upgrading Options
9.3 Non-Catalytic Residue Upgrading Processes
9.4 Catalytic Processes
9.5 Zero Fuel Oil
Questions and Problems

CH. 10: ALKYLATION
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Role of Alkylation and Polymerization Units in the Refinery
10.3 Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Alkylation
10.3 Alkylation Processes
10.4 Material Balance in Alkylation Process
10.5 Material Balance Calculation Using Yield Factors
10.6 Alkylation Simulation
Questions and Problems

CH. 11: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Hydrogen Requirements of Modern Refineries
11.3 Hydrogen Sources
11.4 Steam Reforming
11.5 Product Purification
11.6 New Development in Steam Reforming
Questions and Problems

CH. 12: CLEAN FUELS
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Specifications of Clean Fuels
12.3 Production of Clean Fuels From Crude Oil
12.4 Production of Clean Fuels from Natural Gas and Coal
12.5 Production of Clean Fuels Using Biological Sources (Bio-Fuel)
Questions and Problems

CH. 13: BLENDING
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Blending Rules
13.3 Specific Gravity API Blending
13.4 Reid Vapor Pressure
13.5 Viscosity Blending
13.6 Gasoline Octane Number Blending
13.7 Cloud Point Blending
13.8 Pour Point Blending
13.9 Flash Point Blending
13.10 Aniline Point Blending
13.11 Combined Properties Blending
13.12 Linear Programming (LP) for Blending
Questions and Problems

CH. 14: SAFETY ASPECTS IN REFINERY
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Hazards in Refinery Units
15.3 Safety Programs and Regulations
15.4 Accidents and Loss Prevention Statistics
15.5 Risk Management and Risk Assessment
15.6 Fire and Explosion
15.7 Refinery Explosion Case Study
15.8 Hazard Analysis
15.9 Safety Considerations in Plant Layout
15.10 Safe Operations
15.11 Emergency Alarms
15.12 Noise in Refinery
Questions and Problems

CH. 15: ACID GAS PROCESSING AND MERCAPTANS REMOVAL
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Absorption of Acid Gases
16.3 Sulfur Recovery
16.4 Mercaptans Removal
Questions and Problems

CH. 16: REFINERY ECONOMICS
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Refining Capacity
18.3 Refining Costs
18.4 Refining Margins
18.5 Refinery Complexity
18.6 Economic Analysis
18.7 Global Trends
Questions and Problems

CH. 17: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS IN REFINERY
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Wastes in Refinery Units
19.3 Waste Management
Questions and Problems

CH. 18: OVERALL REFINERY CASE STUDY

APPENDIX
Appendix A: Conversion Factors
Appendix B: Definition of Terms
Appendix C: Process Simulator (UNISIM) Manual
Appendix D: Research Octane Number for Hydrocarbons
Appendix C: Instrumentation and Control Drawings in the P&ID
NOTATION
INDEX

Bibliographic details
Hardbound, 516 pages, publication date: DEC-2009
ISBN-13: 978-0-444-52785-1
ISBN-10: 0-444-52785-0
Imprint: ELSEVIER

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USD 245
EUR 175
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Last update: 25 Nov 2009
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