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By Pao Wang, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Description Atmospheric ice particles play crucial roles in cloud and storm dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, climatological processes, and other atmospheric
processes. Ice Microdynamics introduces the elementary physics and dynamics of atmospheric ice particles in clouds;
subsequent sections explain their formation from water vapor, why ice crystal shape and concentration in cirrus clouds influence the
heating of air, and describe how ice crystals cleanse the atmosphere by scavenging aerosol particles.
Pao Wang's lucid writing style
will appeal to atmospheric scientists, climatologists, and meteorologists with an interest in understanding the role of ice particles
in the atmosphere of our planet.
Contents
Ice Particles in the Atmosphere
Ice Particles - a Personal Perspective
Some Historical Notes on the Knowledge of Ice
Particles in Ancient China
The Hexagonal Shape of Snowflakes
Protection of Crops from the Cold
Observations of Frost-Free and Dew-Free
Situation in High Mountains
A Brief Summary of the Following Chapters
Mathematical Descriptions of Ice Particle Size and Shape
Size Distribution Versus Size-Shape Distributions
Mathematical Expression Describing the Two-Dimensional Shapes of Hexagonal Ice Crystals
Approximating an Exact Hexagonal Plate
Two-Dimensional Characterization of an Ensemble of Planar Hexagonal Ice Crystals
Mathematical
Expressions Describing the Three-Dimensional Shapes of Ice Crystals
Three-Dimensional Mathematical Expression Describing Planar Hexagonal
Crystals
Three-Dimensional Mathematical Expressions Describing Spatial Dendrites and Rosettes
Mathematical Expressions Describing Conical
Hydrometeors
Mathematical Formula - 2-D Cross-Section
Fitting Procedure and Examples
Examples and Discussions
Cross-Sectional Area, Volume,
and Area of the Surface of Revolution
3-D Expression of Conical Particles with Circular and Elliptical Cross-Sections
Hydrodynamics
of Small Ice Particles
Fall Attitude of Ice Particles
Review of Previous Studies
The Physics and Mathematics of Unsteady Flow
Fields Around Non-Spherical Ice Particles
The Numerical Scheme
Results and Discussions
Remarks on the Flow Fields Around Larger Falling
Ice Particles
Vapor Diffusion, Ventilation, and Collision Efficiencies of Ice Crystals
Introduction
Vapor Diffusion
Fields Around a Stationary Columnar Ice Crystal
Ventilation Coefficients for Falling Ice Crystals
Collision Efficiencies of Ice Crystals
Collecting Supercooled Droplets
Scavenging and Transportation of Aerosol Particles by Ice Crystals in Clouds
Importance
of Aerosol Particles in the Atmosphere
Physical Mechanisms of Precipitation Scavenging
The Theoretical Problem of Ice Scavenging of Aerosol
Particles
Physics and Mathematics of the Models
Efficiency of Ice Plates Collecting Aerosol Particles
Efficiency of Columnar Ice Crystals
Collecting Aerosol Particles
Comparison of Collection Efficiency of Aerosol Particles by Individual Water droplets, ice plates, and ice
columns
Experimental Verification of Collection Efficiencies
Section 6 Evolution of Ice Crystals in the Development of Cirrus
Clouds
Cirrus Clouds, Radiation and Climate
Physics of the Model
Design of the Present Simulation Study
Numerics of the Model
Results and Discussions
Appendix A. Area of an Axial Cross-section
Appendix B. Calculation of Volume
Appendix C. Closed Form Expression
of the Conical Volume
References
List of Figures
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