Description Following the breakthrough in the last decade in identifying the key parameters for time and depth imaging in anisotropic media and developing
practical methodologies for estimating them from seismic data, this title primarily focuses on the far reaching exploration benefits
of anisotropic processing.
This volume provides the first comprehensive description of reflection seismic signatures and processing
methods in anisotropic media. It identifies the key parameters for time and depth imaging in transversely isotropic media and describes
practical methodologies for estimating them from seismic data. Also, it contains a thorough discussion of the important issues of uniqueness
and stability of seismic velocity analysis in the presence of anisotropy. The book contains a complete description of anisotropic imaging
methods, from the theoretical background to algorithms to implementation issues. Numerous applications to synthetic and field data illustrate
the improvements achieved by the anisotropic processing and the possibility of using the estimated anisotropic parameters in lithology
discrimination.
Audience
Geophysicists, seismologists
Contents
1. Elements of basic theory of anisotropic wave propagation.
Governing equations and plane-wave properties.
Plane waves
in transversely isotropic media.
Plane waves in orthorhombic media.
Appendices for Chapter 1.
Phase velocity in arbitrary anisotropic
media.
Group-velocity vector as a function of phase velocity.
2. Influence of anisotropy on point-source radiation and AVO analysis.
Point-source radiation in anisotropic media. Radiation patterns and AVO analysis in VTI media. Appendices for Chapter 2. Derivation of
the anisotropic Green's function. Weak-anisotropy approximation for radiation patterns in TI media.
3. Normal-moveout velocity
in layered anisotropic media.
2-D NMO equation in an anisotropic layer. NMO velocity for vertical transverse isotropy. NMO velocity
for tilted TI media. NMO velocity in layered media and time-to-depth conversion. Elements of 3-D analysis of NMO velocity. Appendices
for Chapter 3. 2-D NMO equation in an anisotropic layer. Weak-anisotropy approximation for P-wave NMO velocity in TTI media.
2-D Dix-type equation in layered anisotropic media. 3-D NMO equation in heterogeneous anisotropic media.
4. Nonhyperbolic reflection
moveout.
Quartic moveout coefficient. Nonhyperbolic moveout equation. P-wave moveout in VTI media in terms of the parameter η. Long-spread moveout of SV-waves in VTI media. Appendices for Chapter 4. Weak-anisotropy approximation for long-spread
moveout. P-wave moveout in layered VTI media.
5. Reflection moveout of mode-converted waves. Dip-dependent
moveout of PS-waves in a single layer (2-D). Application to a VTI layer. 3-D treatment of PS-wave moveout of layered
media. PS-wave moveout in horizontally layered VTI media. Discussion. Appendices for Chapter 5. 2-D description of PS
moveout in a single layer. 3-D expression for the slope of CMP moveout. NMO velocity for converted-wave moveout. Weak-anisotropy approximation
for PS-moveout in VTI media. 3-D description of PS moveout in layered media.
6. P-wave time-domain
signatures in transversely isotropic media. P-wave NMO velocity as a function of ray parameter. Two-parameter description
of time processing. Discussion: Notation and P-wave signatures in VTI media. Moveout analysis for tilted symmetry axis. Appendices
for Chapter 6. Dependence of NMO velocity in VTI media on the ray parameter. NMO velocity in tilted elliptical media.
7. Velocity
analysis and parameter estimation for VTI media. P-wave dip-moveout inversion for η. Inversion of P-wave
nonhyperbolic moveout. Joint inversion of P and PS data.
8. P-wave imaging for VTI media.
Fowler-type time-processing method. Dip moveout by Fourier transform. Time and depth migration. Synthetic example for a model from the
Gulf of Mexico. Field-data example with multiple fault planes. Discussion.
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