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| CARBON MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
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Edited By
T.D. Burchell, Oak Ridge, National Laboratory Oak Ridge, P.O. Box 2008, TN 37831-6088, USA
Description
The inspiration for this book came from an American Carbon Society Workshop entitled "Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies" which
was hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1994. Chapter 1 contains a review of carbon materials, and emphasizes the structure
and chemical bonding in the various forms of carbon, including the four allotropes diamond, graphite, carbynes, and the fullerenes. In
addition, amorphous carbon and diamond films, carbon nanoparticles, and engineered carbons are discussed. The most recently discovered
allotrope of carbon, i.e., the fullerenes, along with carbon nanotubes, are more fully discussed in Chapter 2, where their structure-property
relations are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon based materials. The synthesis, structure, and properties of
the fullerenes and nanotubes, and modification of the structure and properties through doping, are also reviewed. Potential applications
of this new family of carbon materials are considered.
The manufacture and applications of adsorbent carbon fibers are discussed in
Chapter 3. The manufacture, structure and properties of high performance fibers are reviewed in Chapter 4, and the manufacture and properties
of vapor grown fibers and their composites are reported in Chapter 5. The properties and applications of novel low density composites
developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are reported in Chapter 6.
Coal is an important source of energy and an abundant source
of carbon. The production of engineering carbons and graphite from coal via a solvent extraction route is described in Chapter 7. Applications
of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter
8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The application of activated carbons in adsorption heat pumps and refrigerators
is discussed in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reports the use of carbon materials in the fast growing consumer electronics application of lithium-ion
batteries. The role of carbon materials in nuclear systems is discussed in Chapters 12 and 13, where fusion device and fission reactor
applications, respectively, are reviewed. In Chapter 12 the major technological issues for the utilization of carbon as a plasma facing
material are discussed in the context of current and future fusion tokamak devices.
The essential design features of graphite moderated
reactors, (including gas-, water- and molten salt-cooled systems) are reviewed in Chapter 13, and reactor environmental effects such
as radiation damage and radiolytic corrosion are discussed. The fracture behaviour of graphite is discussed in qualitative and quantitative
terms in Chapter 14. The applications of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics to graphite are reviewed
and a study of the role of small flaws in nuclear graphites is reported.
Audience
For materials scientists, chemists and physicists.
Contents
Chapter headings and selected papers:
Contributors. Acknowledgments. Preface.
Structure and Bonding in Carbon
Materials
(B. McEnaney). Crystalline forms of carbon. The phase and transition diagram for carbon. Carbon films. Carbon nanoparticles.
Engineering carbons.
Fullerenes and Nanotubes
(M.S. Dresselhaus et al.). Fullerenes and fullerene-based solids.
Carbon nanotubes. Applications.
Active Carbon Fibers
(T.J. Mays). Applications of active carbon fibers. Concluding remarks.
High Performance Carbon Fibers
(D.D. Edie, J.J. McHugh). Processing carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile. Carbon fibers
from mesophase pitch. High performance carbon fibers from novel precursors. Carbon fiber property comparison. Current areas for high
performance carbon fiber research.
Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber Composites
(M.L. Lake, Jyh-Ming Ting). Current forms. Fiber
properties. Composite properties. Potential applications. Manufacturing issues.
Porous Carbon Fiber-Carbon Binder Composites
(T.D. Burchell). Manufacture. Carbon bonded carbon fiber. Damage tolerant light absorbing materials. Carbon fiber composite molecular
sieves.
Coal-Derived Carbons
(P.G. Stansberry et al.). Review of coal derived carbons. Solvent extraction of
coal. Preparation and characteristics of cokes produced from solvent extraction. Preparation and evaluation of graphite from coal-derived
feedstocks.
Activated Carbon for Automotive Applications
(P.J. Johnson et al.). Activated carbon. Vehicle fuel
vapor systems. Adsorption. Carbon canister design. Application of canisters in running loss emission control. Application of canisters
in ORVR control.
Adsorbent Storage for Natural Gas Vehicles
(T.L. Cook et al.). Storage of natural gas. Adsorbents.
Adsorbent fill-empty testing. Guard beds.
Adsorption Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
(R.E. Critoph). Why adsorption cycles?
The basic adsorption cycle. Basic cycle analysis and results. Choice of refrigerant - adsorbent pairs. Improving cost effectiveness.
Applications of Carbon in Lithium-Ion Batteries
(Tao Zheng, J. Dahn). Useful characterization methods. Graphitic carbons.
Hydrogen-containing carbons from pyrolyzed organic precursors. Microporous carbons from pyrolyzed hard-carbon precursors. Carbons used
in commercial applications.
Fusion Energy Applications
(L.L. Snead). The advantages of carbon as a plasma-facing component.
Irradiation effects on thermophysical properties of graphite and carbon fiber composites. Plasma wall interactions. Tritium retention
in graphite.
Fission Reactor Applications of Carbon
(T.D. Burchell). The role of carbon materials in fission reactors.
Graphite moderated power producing reactors. Radiation damage in graphite. Radiolytic oxidation. Other applications of carbon in fission
reactors.
Fracture in Graphite
(G.R. Romanoski, T.D. Burchell). Studies and models of fracture processes in graphite.
Linear elastic fracture mechanics behavior of graphite. Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics behavior of graphite. Fracture behavior of
small flaws in nuclear graphites. The Burchell Fracture Model.
Index.
| Bibliographic details |
Hardbound, 0 pages, publication date: JUL-1999
ISBN-13: 978-0-08-042683-9
ISBN-10: 0-08-042683-2
Imprint: ELSEVIER
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