Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically by using the English for Specific Purposes online submission and
review web site (http://ees.elsevier.com/esp). This site will guide authors stepwise through the submission process. Authors
are requested to submit the text, tables, and artwork in electronic form to this address. Authors who are unable to provide an electronic
version or have other circumstances that prevent online submission must contact the Editors prior to submission to discuss alternative
options; email: dbelcher1@gsu.edu or b.paltridge@usyd.edu.au. The Publisher and Editors regret that they
are not able to consider submissions that do not follow these procedures.
Submission of articles
General It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as
part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is
approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted,
it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright
holder.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this
and copyright see: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination
of information. An e-mail (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal
Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare
lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for
resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult:
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions).
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain
written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors
in these cases; please consult: http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Funding body agreements and policies Elsevier
has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors who publish in Elsevier journals to comply with potential manuscript
archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please
visit: http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Authors' rights As an author you (or your employer or institution)
retain certain rights; for details you are referred to: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the funding source You are requested to identify
who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of
the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in
the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated. Please
see http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/funding for more information.
Contributors Each
author is required to declare his or her individual contribution to the article: all authors must have materially participated in the
research and/or article preparation, so roles for all authors should be described. The statement that all authors have approved the final
article should be true and included in the disclosure.
Conflict of interest All authors are requested to disclose any
actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations
within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. For
further information, please see: http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Online submission to the journal
prior to acceptance Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use the following guidelines to prepare your article.
Via the EES homepage of this journal (http://ees.elsevier.com/esp/) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and
uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article,
which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for
the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification
of the Editors' decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy
paper trail.
The above represents a very brief outline of this form of submission. It can be advantageous to print this "Guide for
Authors" section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of article preparation.
Electronic format requirements
for accepted articles
General points We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is
preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save your files using the default extension of
the program used.
Wordprocessor documents It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor
used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed
and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare
these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual
table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared
in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).
Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on
the manuscript. See also the section below on the preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly
advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your wordprocessor.
Preparation of text
Presentation
of manuscript
General Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not
a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points
(not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
Authors are advised to consult a recent issue of the journal (a free
sample copy is available online at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08894906) to become familiar with layout
and conventions. Articles should be typed with double-spacing throughout and should be no longer than 25 pages, including references.
Research Notes and Discussions should be no longer than 10 pages. Number pages consecutively in the upper right hand corner. All papers
should be related to the teaching of English for specific purposes.
Review Policy As this journal has adopted a blind
reviewing policy, please remove all identifying features from the paper itself by ensuring that no author's name appears in the
main text, in-text citations, reference list, or any running header. Replace all references to the author with "Author, 2003", "Author
et al, 2006", etc. The title of the article and the name of the journal, or book, etc., should also be removed from these references.
Language Services Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/languagepolishing or contact: authorsupport@elsevier.com for
more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside
vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions (http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions).
Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often
used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where
the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where
the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's
name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if
available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author
has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address")
may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is
required (of between 100-200 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and
major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore
be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations
should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example,
"and", "of"). As far as possible, keywords should conform to those used in LLBA (Linguistics and Language Behaviour Abstracts; for more
information, visit: http://www.csa.com). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field
may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations that are not standard
in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations
throughout the article.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article
and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Vitae. Include a short (maximum 50 words) biography of each author.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide
your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ), 1.2, etc. (the abstract
is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text." Any subsection
may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction. State the objectives of
the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Experimental/Materials
and methods. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference:
only relevant modifications should be described.
Results. Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion.
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. It should also discuss the results of the study in
relation to previous research on the topic. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations
and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions. The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions
section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Acknowledgements.
Place acknowledgements before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
Appendices.
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate
numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
References. See separate section,
below.
Figure captions, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described
in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text file (see the section below
on the preparation of illustrations).
Text graphics. Present incidental graphics not suitable for mention as figures, plates
or schemes at the end of the article and number them "Graphic 1", etc. Their precise position in the text can then be indicated. See
further under the section concerning the preparation of electronic illustrations. Ensure that high-resolution graphics files are provided,
even if the graphic appears as part of your normal wordprocessed text file.
Specific remarks
Footnotes.
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors
build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text
and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table
footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively
in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase
letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results
described elsewhere in the article.
Citations. Citations may be given of lexical material from languages other than English;
however, citations from languages not employing a Roman alphabet must be given in a Romanized transliteration or in a transcription which
uses standard symbols available in the International Phonetic Alphabet. The Charis SIL IPA font is preferred for the presentation of
IPA symbols (for more information, please visit: http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont).
Preparation of supplementary
data. Elsevier accepts supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author
additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets,
sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier
Web products, including ScienceDirect (http://www.sciencedirect.com). In order to ensure that your submitted material is
directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic
format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit
our artwork instruction pages at: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
References Responsibility
for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every
reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given
in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text.
If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include
a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication". Citation of a reference as "in
press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the
full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should
also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can
be included in the reference list.
Text: References should be cited using the author's last name and publication date (for
example "Wilkins, 1976"). If quotations are cited, these should additionally have page numbers (e.g. "Wilkins, 1976, pp. 21-22").
List:
The reference list should follow the referencing style used by the American Psychological Association. You are referred to the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, ISBN 1-55798-790-4, copies of which may be ordered from: http://www.apa.org/books/4200061.htmlor APA Order Dept., P.O.B. 2710, Hyattsville, MD 20784, USA or APA, 3 Henrietta Street, London, WC3E 8LU, UK. Details
concerning this referencing style can also be found at: http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/apa01.html. References
should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s)
in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J., & Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific
article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163, 51-59.
Reference to a book:
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B.
(1979). The elements of style. (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.
R., & Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction
to the electronic age (pp. 281-304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.
The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and
link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher
upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly
'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information.
The correct format for citing a DOI
is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Preparation
of illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations
General points - Make sure you use
uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. - Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. - Only
use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. - Number the illustrations according to
their sequence in the text. - Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files. - Provide all illustrations as separate
files. - Provide captions to illustrations separately. - Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
You
are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless of the
application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note
the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed
the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF:
Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum
of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not: - Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
- Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; - Supply files that are
too low in resolution; - Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions Ensure that each
illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not
on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols
and abbreviations used.
Line drawings The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions,
so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor
of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format
of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs
(halftones) Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure.
Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption.
Colour illustrations Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and
with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at
no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the
Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
Proofs One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then
paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader
version 7 (or higher) available free from: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to
annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line numbers. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the
corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages
and e-mail, or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of
your article if no response is received.
Author Benefits
Offprints The corresponding author, at no
cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked
version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions
of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
Discount Authors are entitled to a 30% discount on Elsevier books (excluding major reference works).
Fast Electronic
Publication Once the article has been proofed by the author, it will be published immediately on the journal's 'Articles in Press'
section online, thus making it available to subscribers to read and cite. For more information, visit: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08894906.
Reproduction Rights Authors retain the right to prepare other derivative works from their article; to extend the article
into book-length form; or otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, provided full acknowledgement of its publication in the
journal is given. A separate permissions request is not required for this. For more information on the rights you retain, please see:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Author Enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles,
please visit the journal's homepage at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/esp. From here you can also track your accepted articles
(http://authors.elsevier.com/TrackPaper.html) and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed,
as well as viewing detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions
arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.
