Be advised that review time averages 4-6 months.

The Journal of Clinical Anesthesia (JCA) publishes definitive, peer-reviewedarticles devoted to the clinical practice of anesthesia.The JCA should be a participant in continuing education ofclinicians, forecast important issues and trends in anesthesia andfoster responsible debate on controversial issues. As an internationaljournal, it encourages cross-communication between different cultures,informing our readers about medical and sometimes non-medicaljournalism, and provides enjoyable reading. Advertising between thepages of editorial content is not permitted.

The editors of JCA welcome the submission of manuscripts devotedto the clinical practice of anesthesia. Statements contained thereinare the responsibility of the author(s). Each manuscript is consideredfor publication with the following understandings: 1) All personsdesignated as authors should qualify for authorship. The order ofauthorship should be a joint decision of the co-authors. Each authorshould have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibilityfor the content. Authorship credit should be based only on substantialcontributions to (a) conception and design, or analysis andinterpretation of data; and to (b) drafting the article or resizing it criticallyfor important intellectual content; and on (c) final approval ofthe version to be published. Conditions (a), (b), and (c) must all bemet. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collectionof data does not justify authorship. General supervision of theresearch group is not sufficient for authorship. Any part of an articlecritical to its main conclusions must be the responsibility of at leastone author. 2) Ghostwriting: It is unacceptable for a person who lendsthe use of his or her name to a manuscript (whether or not a fee hasbeen paid for the use of that name), when the manuscript has beenwritten by another person/persons who do not identify themselves,their affiliation, or potential or real conflicts of interest. Therefore,ghostwritten articles will be immediately rejected. 3) None of the materialin the manuscript has been published previously nor is any of thematerial currently under consideration for publication elsewhere (includingtables, illustrations, etc.) in any other journal. The author shouldmake a full statement to the editor about all submissions and previousreports that might be regarded as prior or duplicate publication ofthe same or very similar work (see Acceptable Secondary Publication sectionbelow). Copies of such material should be included in the submittedpaper for the editors' review.

All manuscripts accepted for publication in JCA become the soleproperty of the publisher. The publisher reserves copyright and renewalin all published material, which may not be reproduced in any formwithout the written permission of the publisher. If a manuscript isaccepted for publication, the author(s) will be asked to assign copyrightto the publisher.

Acceptable Secondary Publication
Secondary publication in the same or another language, especially inother countries, is justifiable, and can be beneficial, provided all ofthe following conditions are met:

• The authors have received approval from the editors of bothjournals; the editor concerned with secondary publication must havea photocopy, reprint, or manuscript of the primary version.
• The priority of the primary publication is respected by a publicationinterval of at least one week (unless specifically negotiatedotherwise by both editors).
• The paper for secondary publication is intended for a differentgroup of readers; an abbreviated version could be sufficient.
• The secondary version reflects faithfully the data and interpretationsof the primary version.
• A footnote on the title page of the secondary version informsreaders, peers, and documenting agencies that the paper has beenpublished in whole or in part, and states the primary reference. Asuitable footnote might read: "This article is based on a study firstreported in [title of journal, with full reference]."

MANUSCRIPTS

Authors are requested to register at this site (http://ees.elsevier.com/jca )and to submit their manuscript and any artwork as usable electronicfiles (not as PDFs). In an accompanying letter, authors should statethat the manuscript, or parts of it, have not been and will not besubmitted elsewhere for publication.

Submission items include a cover letter (saved as a separate file forupload), suggested reviewers, the manuscript file (including a titlepage, abstract, main text, references, and table/figure legends), andany tables and figures (saved as separate files). If you have submittedvia the web-based site and are asked to revise your manuscripts, youwill be asked to include a unique file (separate from the coveringletter) with responses to reviewers' comments. The preferred order offiles is as follows: cover letter, suggested reviewers, response to reviews(revised manuscripts only), manuscript file, table(s), figure(s). Filesshould be labeled with appropriate and descriptive file names(e.g., SmithText.doc, Fig1.eps, Table3.doc). Upload text, tables, andgraphics as separate files. If your figures are large or you have manyof them, you can compress them all in a Zip file and upload it as oneitem, properly named (e.g., Figures 1-7). The system will unpack theseparate files and prompt you to name each one. Do not importfigures or tables into the text document and, again, do not uploadyour text as a PDF. Complete instructions for electronic artworksubmission can be found on the Author Gateway (at www.elsevier.com/authors), which is also accessible through the journal's submissionshome page.

Authors who are unable to provide an electronic version or haveother circumstances that prevent online submission must contactthe Editorial Office prior to submission to discuss alternate options.The Publisher and Editors regret that they are not able to considersubmissions that do not follow these procedures.

Manuscript Submission Preparation:

When submitting online via our web-based system (http://ees.elsevier.com/jca ), authors must upload the following items as separate files: acover letter, an abstract, the manuscript, and any tables, figures, andfigure legends. Revised or resubmitted manuscripts should also includea transmittal letter, explaining how the author has dealt with each ofthe reviewer's and Editor's comments and these comments should beuploaded as a 'Revision Comments' file on the system.

File formats

For online submission, please use MS Word for the text files. Graphicsshould be saved as TIFF, EPS, or MS Office.

• Provide a cover letter indicating the name, address, tel., fax, andemail addresses of the individual to whom correspondence andquestions should be directed. Include a statement in the coverletter that the contents have not been published elsewhere andthe paper is not being submitted elsewhere. Also indicate that themanuscript has been read and approved by all co-authors. Finally,indicate to which category of publication the author is submittingthe article: Original Contribution, Editorial, Case Report, GrandRounds, Pharmacologic Review, Special Article (history, art,politics, etc.), Letter to the Editor.
• Arrange the manuscript in the following order: title page,abstract (structured abstract if the work is an Original contributiononly), text, acknowledgments, references, tables, legends forillustrations, and illustrations.
• Text: Arrange the body of the manuscript in the following order:(Structured) Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results,Discussion, with each component beginning on a new page.
• Number the pages in sequence, with the title page as page 1, the(structured) abstract as page 2, etc., with the page number in theupper right-hand corner.

• Type all manuscripts with double line spacing and aligned left,including the abstract, references, and figure legends.
• Use the Times New Roman 12-point font/size.
• Manuscripts should have continuous line numbers, page numbersand wide margins throughout (including the abstract, references,figure legends and tables).
• Indent each new paragraph.
• Use two returns to end headings and paragraphs.
• Do not use lower-case 'l' (el) for '1' (one) or 'O'(oh) for '0' (zero);they have different typesetting values.

• Give the first name, middle initial, and last name of all authors.List each author's highest academic degree and provide the studyaffiliation (i.e., all departments and institutions from which the manuscript originated). All authors must fully meet the criteria forauthorship as defined in the uniform requirements for manuscriptssubmitted to medical journals or N Engl J Med 1997; 336:309-15.
• Provide the name, address, and email address of the correspondingauthor to whom reprint requests should be sent.
• Show the address of each author at the time of the study and includethe present address if it differs.
• Provide a running title of up to 50 characters.
• Acknowledge grants, sponsors, and funding sources that provideddirect financial support to the research work contained in the manuscript.

ABSTRACTS

All Original Contributions require a structured abstract of up to 300words, which clearly states the following (use these subheadings): 1)Study Objective, 2) Design — i.e, the type of study conducted, 3)Setting — e.g., delivery room, postoperative recovery area, operatingroom; 4) Patients — number studied, their ASA physical status, thenature of their procedure and illness; 5) Interventions — what was doneto the patients on behalf of the study, 6) Measurements — e.g., bloodpressure, heart rate, resp. rate values collected; 7) Main Results — thestudy's principal finding of interest, 8) Conclusions — based on thekinds of patients studied and the interventions used, what conclusionsmay be drawn from the main findings of interest. The structuredabstract should provide key information and be informative on itsown, although it should not include discussion of pros and cons,limitations or justifications of the study.

Except for letters to the editor and editorials, all other types ofpublications (case reports, review articles, special articles, and GrandRounds), require a brief, standard abstract of a few sentences. Do notcite references or use abbreviations in the structured (or other) abstract.

List up to six keywords applicable to the contents of the manuscript.The keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

TEXT

Start the text on a new page. Arrange the text into four parts:

• Introduction: The rationale for the study. Do not include an extensiveliterature review.
• Materials and Methods: A clear and precise description of theexperiment and the subjects from whom the data were derived. Ifsubjects were randomized, describe the methods of randomizationused. Identify all drugs and chemicals used, dosages, and routes ofadministration. Define all statistical methods used and, if appropriate,statistical references. Identify the name and address of the statisticianwho reviewed the data, if appropriate.
• Results: A factual account of the study's findings. Present these aslogically appropriate in text, tables, or illustrations; do not repeat inthe text what is demonstrated in a table or illustration.
• Discussion: A summary emphasizing new and important aspects ofthe study's conclusions. Ensure that all conclusions are justified by theresults of the study. Identify the implications of the findings and theirlimitations, including implications for future research. Look at thepros and cons of the methods and results. Compare the implicationsand limitations of these findings with those reported in other essentialstudies. State new hypotheses when warranted, but clearly labelthem as such. Recommendations, where appropriate, may be included.

Funding sources and corporate or institutional associations should begiven on the title page. Acknowledgments to individuals who assistedwith the study or with manuscript preparation, including statisticalreview, should appear just before the references.

REFERENCES

References must be publicly available and verified by the authors andagainst the original documents. If the reference is not publicly available,refer to the material in a footnote within the text. Any referencesto published abstracts must be less than three years old. Numberreferences sequentially in the order of their citation in the manuscript.The reference list appears immediately after the text andAcknowledgments. For each citation, include all names unless theauthors number seven or more; in that case, list three names followedby "et al." Do not use periods after authors' initials. Provide inclusivepage numbers for journal articles and specific page citations for books.Identify abstracts and letters. Style references according to "InternationalCommittee of Medical Journal Editors: Uniform requirements formanuscripts submitted to biomedical journals." N Engl J Med 1997;336:309-15.

• Journal citation: Eichhorn JH, Cooper JB, Cullen DJ, et al. Anesthesiapractice standards at Harvard: a review. J Clin Anesth 1988;1:55-65.
• Book citation: Thompson T, Kanton B. Hormonal and metabolicconsiderations in the acutely ill patient, 2nd ed. New York: Timely Publications,1987:115-25,209-301.
• Chapter in a book: Baldwin T: Effective infusion therapy. In: Pronter K,Baldwin T, Senthoff V (eds): Insulin Infusion System Delivery. Baltimore:Immediate Press Publishers, 1986:88-152.

Each table should be uploaded as a separate file. Provide a number(1,2,3, etc.) and title for each table. Abbreviations may be used to simplifya table; define all abbreviations in a single footnote. Numbertables consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text.Identify statistical measures of variation such as standard deviationand standard error of the mean.

LEGENDS FOR ILLUSTRATIONS ("Figures")

Provide a full legend for each illustration. In the legend, identify anddefine all abbreviations, symbols, arrows, and illustration parts.

ILLUSTRATIONS ("Figures")

Number illustrations sequentially according to their first appearancein the text. If photographs of persons are submitted, either the subjectsmust not be identifiable or their pictures must be accompaniedby written permission to use the photograph. Under special circumstances,color photographs can be published at a rate agreed uponbetween the authors and the publishers.

Figures

• Upload figures as separate files, or Zip all figures together andupload them at one step. (To download a trial version of WinZip, goto www.winzip.com.)
• A figure and its legend should be sufficiently informative that theresults can be understood without reference to the text. Figurelegends should not appear on the same page as figures, but inthe manuscript text file (after references).
• The publisher will charge for printed color figures, but will publish colorfigures electronically so upload both when submitting the manuscript.
• Figures should be large enough to allow for reproduction but notlarger than letter size, and should be designed with the Journalformat in mind.
• The preferred point symbols are open circle, open square, open triangle,filled circle, filled square, filled triangle. The preferred shadingsare black, white and bold hatching. Avoid stippling, which does notreproduce well. The preferred font for axis labels and keys is Arial.
• Ticks should be drawn outside the figure axes; they should not beextended to form lines across the whole figure.
• Give keys and other explanations either in the legend or in thefigure caption.
• Number figures consecutively in Arabic numerals.
• Abbreviate 'Figure' to 'Fig.' and 'Figures' to 'Figs' except whenstarting a sentence.

Illustrations, tables, or lengthy quotations taken from published sourcesmust be acknowledged with a full bibliographic citation. The author'sand publisher's permission to reprint must be submitted as soon asthe manuscript receives final acceptance for publication. One copy ofany article not accepted for publication will be kept by the JCA in itsfiles for six months.

DRUG AND CHEMICAL NAMES

Refer to drugs by their approved generic names. If trade names areused, the generic equivalent should be given parenthetically at firstuse. Identify compounds by their formal chemical name at first use;thereafter the trivial name may be used.

CONSENT

In all manuscripts reporting the results of human studies, a statementmust appear in the Materials and Methods section indicating thatapproval was obtained from the institutional review board (IRB) andthat all human subjects signed written informed consent. Cite in thetext the full (hospital) name of IRB. Do not identify human subjectsor patients.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

JCA expects all authors to disclose any commercial association thatmight pose a conflict of interest for submitted article(s). Fundingsources and corporate or institutional associations must be acknowledgedon the title page. In the cover letter accompanying the manuscript,provide the names of associations, consultancies, individualphilanthropists, stock ownership, or other equity interest (e.g., patentor licensing arrangements). If the manuscript is accepted for publication,disclosure of this information will be discussed with the author(s).

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Journal's Editor-in-Chief is Robert R. Gaiser, MD. Directquestions to the editorial office at (508) 540-2197;Fax (508) 540-2714; E-mail: jclinanes@comcast.net.