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Guide for authors

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously in its present form (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.

For inquiries regarding your paper or the publishing process in general, please contact the editorial office at [email protected]

Suggestions for reviews: Please supply the names of at least two potential reviewers for your manuscript. Please do not suggest reviewers from your own institution, previous or current collaborators. Suggested reviewers must also have published a paper on the same topic in a peer-reviewed journal. Please provide full names, institutions and email addresses of suggested reviewers. Please note, the final choice of reviewers is that of the Editor and the journal reserves the right not to use reviewers which have been suggested by the authors.

Ethics:
Work on human beings that is submitted to the Japanese Dental Science Review should conform to the principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki: Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects, adopted by the 18th World Medical Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964, amended by the 29th World Medical Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975, the 35th World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983, and the 41st World Medical Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989. The manuscript should contain a statement that the work has been approved by the appropriate ethics committees related to the institution(s) in which it was performed and that subjects gave informed consent to the work. Studies involving experiments with animals must state that their care was in accordance with institution guidelines. Patients' and volunteers' names, initials, and hospital numbers should not be used.

Peer review process:
This journal operates a double blind review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are prepared in such a way that they do not reveal their identities to reviewers, either directly or indirectly, so please follow the double anonymized peer review guidelines. More information on types of peer review.

Role of corresponding author:
The corresponding author of a manuscript for the Japanese Dental Science Review has the duty to ensure that all the named authors have seen and approved the original and any revised version of the paper and are in agreement with its content before it is submitted to the Editorial Office. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. The corresponding author should also ensure that all those who have contributed to the research are acknowledged appropriately either as a co-author or in the Acknowledgements. In addition, the corresponding author has the prime responsibility for ensuring the paper is correctly prepared according to the Guide for Authors. Submitted manuscripts not complying with the Guide for Authors may be returned to the authors for possible revision and resubmission.

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a “Journal Publishing Agreement” (for more information on this and copyright see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a “Journal Publishing Agreement” form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed online via the Elsevier homepage (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).

Online Submission of Manuscripts: https://www.editorialmanager.com/jdsr/default.aspx
Submission and peer review of all papers is now conducted entirely online using the dedicated site at https://www.editorialmanager.com/jdsr/default.aspx
Authors are required to register upon using the system for the first time. Authors are guided stepwise through the entire process, and are kept abreast of the progress of their paper at each stage.
The system creates a PDF version of the submitted manuscript for peer review, revision and proofing. All correspondence, including the Editor's decision and request for revisions, is conducted by e-mail.
Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance.

Further information and support:
For additional queries please visit our Support Center.

Global telephone support is available for e-submission 24/7:
For The Americas: +1 888 834 7287 (toll-free for US & Canadian customers)
For Asia & Pacific: +81 3 5561 5032
For Europe & rest of the world: +353 61 709190

MANUSCRIPT FORMAT

Title page: Please provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
1) Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
2) Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address.
3) Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
4) Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a Present address (or Permanent address) may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
5) Running title. An abbreviated title (within 10 words) for use as a running title.
6) Scientific field of dental Science: Indicate specialized field of dental science which your paper is involving.
7) Article type: Indicate article type such as “Review Article”, “Letter to Editors”.

Abstract: A concise and factual abstract is required (not exceeding 200 words). This should be typed on a separate page following the title page. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list.

Keyword: Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, “and”, “of”). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

MAIN TEXT

Review Article: Reviews may concern either clinical or laboratory scientific topics. Standard length of review article is between 3,000 and 6,500 words excluding references.

Letters to the Editor. These should be up to 600 words in length, and should be submitted in response to material published in the journal to make small clinical points or to introduce a point of view. They can be accompanied by up to 5 references but no illustrations. Letters do not carry an abstract.

Abbreviations: Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Subdivision of the article: Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2,), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Conflict of interest: All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. If there are no conflicts of interest then please state this: 'Conflicts of interest: none'. See also https://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest. Further information and an example of a Conflict of Interest form can be found at: https://service.elsevier.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/286/supporthub/publishing.

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier's AI policy for authors.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Disclosure instructions
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled 'Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process'.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.

Role of the funding source: All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgement at the end of the text. Authors should declare the role of study sponsors, if any, in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state.

Acknowledgements: All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship as defined above should be listed in an acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance.

Figures: Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Figure legends should be listed on separate page. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text file.

Tables: Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

REFERENCES:
References to literature must be indicated by Arabic numerals in square parentheses which run consecutively through the paper. Where a reference is cited more than once in the text the same number should be used each time. Reference style should follow the “Vancouver” style described in the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals.” Update October 2007. Further information can be found at www.icmje.org. The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in Index Medicus.

Exceptions:
(1) List all authors or editors, but if there are more than six list first six plus et al.;
(2) Full first and last page numbers of articles should be provided. Unpublished data and personal communications should be given in round parentheses in the text and not as references.
(3) To refer to a book or journal article written in Japanese, the phrase “(in Japanese)” or “(in Japanese with English abstract)” should be added.

Examples:
Reference Style for Journals:
[1] Inoue S, Koshiro K, Yoshida Y, De Munch J, Nagakane K, Suzuki K, et al. Hydrolytic stability of self-etch adhesives bonded to dentin. J Dent Res 2005;84:1160-1164.
[2] Ban S. All ceramic crown: Evaluation of mechanical properties. J Dent Eng 2002;140:9-12 (in Japanese).

Reference Style for Books:
[3] Hersen M (editor). Comprehensive handbook of behavioral assessment (2 volumes). New York: Academic Press (Elsevier Science); 2005.
[4] Karchmer AW. Infective endocarditis. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P, editors. Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 6th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1996, p. 1723-1750.

DOI citations: The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly “Articles in press”, because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows:

[5] Sloss EAC, Southard KA, Qian F, Stock SE, Mann KR, Meyer DL, et al. Comparison of soft-tissue profiles after treatment with headgear or Herbst appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. Available online 8 April 2008 from doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.050.

For Articles in Press, please do not include an “In Press” denotation to your citation. When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.

Reporting guidance:
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

Definitions
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth ("sex assigned at birth"), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms "sex" and "gender" can be ambiguous?thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.

US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting (“Public Access”) policy
Elsevier facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH “Public Access Policy”, see http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm) by posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication. Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at [email protected]) that your work has received NIH funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number to facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript that will include peer-review comments, for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded fully to the NIH request policy. There will be no need for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting is prohibited.

Preparation of supplementary data:
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

RESEARCH DATA

This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.

Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the ?References? section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.

Data linking

If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that give them a better understanding of the research described.

There are different ways to link your datasets to your article.

When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page .

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).

Mendeley Data

This journal supports Mendeley Data, enabling you to deposit any research data (including raw and processed data, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods) associated with your manuscript in a free-to-use, open access repository. During the submission process, after uploading your manuscript, you will have the opportunity to upload your relevant datasets directly to Mendeley Data. The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers next to your published article online.

For more information, visit the Mendeley Data for journals page.

Data statement

To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. This may be a requirement of your funding body or institution.

If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data statement page.

Preparation of illustrations:

General points
—Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
—Save text in illustrations as “graphics” or enclose the font.
—Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
—Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
—Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
—Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.

Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please “save as” or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as “graphics”.
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply “as is”.

Please do not:
—Supply embedded graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
—Supply files that are optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
—Supply files that are too low in resolution;
—Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Colour illustrations

Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, Elsevier will ensure that these figures will appear in colour completely free-of-charge in the electronic version of your paper (e.g., ScienceDirect), regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. Colour illustrations can only be included in print if the additional cost of reproduction (EUR 400 for the first page, and EUR 300 for the second and subsequent pages) is contributed by the author: you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to “grayscale” (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.

Proofs

One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author. Authors are requested to return corrections by e-mail or fax within 48 hours. Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win. If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post.

Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.