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Introduction
JACC: Basic to Translational Science, an open access journal, serves a forum for advancing the field Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, and as a platform for accelerating the translation of novel scientific discoveries into new therapies that improve clinical outcomes for patients affected with or at risk for Cardiovascular Disease. Thematic areas of interest include pre-clinical research; clinical trials; personalized medicine; novel drugs, devices, and biologics; proteomics, genomics and metabolomics; and early phase clinical trial methodology.

All submitted articles are reviewed by the Editor and Associate Editors. Articles are then sent out to two peer reviewers. All reviews are double-blinded. While all recommendations are discussed and considered by the group of Associate Editors, the final decision rests with the Editor-in-Chief. As a member of the JACC Family of Journals, this journal publishes only the highest quality content and is subject to the same rigorous, double-blind peer review standards as all the JACC journals.

Peer Review
The JACC Journals use a single-blind peer-review process. Papers are assigned an Associate Editor, who can assign up to two peer reviewers, although more can be assigned if necessary.

General Guidelines for Submission of Original Research Papers
JACC: Basic to Translational Science is not restricted to page length, however the Editors prefer that manuscripts not exceed 5,500 words (including references and figure legends). Note that if you are asked to revise your paper an alternate word limit may be specified by the Editors. Illustrations and tables should be limited to those necessary to highlight key data. Please provide gender-specific data, when appropriate, in describing outcomes of epidemiologic analyses or clinical trials; or specifically state that no gender-based differences were present.

The manuscript should be arranged as follows: 1) title page; 2) structured abstract and key words; 3) condensed abstract; 4) abbreviations list; 5) text; 6) acknowledgments (if applicable); 7) Funding Sources 8) references; 9) figure titles and legends; and 10) tables.

Other Paper Categories
The following information should be noted for these paper types:

STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPERS. The Editors will consider both invited and volunteered review articles. Such manuscripts must adhere to preferred length guidelines and require an unstructured abstract of no more than 5000 words. Authors should detail in their cover letters how their submission differs from existing reviews on the subject.

LEADING EDGE TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH articles are discrete, highly significant, innovative or novel findings reported in a shorter format of 3,500 words or fewer in length. Editors will review for interest within seven (7) days of submission. These may be invited or volunteered manuscripts.

IMAGES IN BASIC TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH. The editors will consider clinical or basic science images including studies in motion that illustrate either important classic or novel findings in the field of cardiovascular basic translational research. Text should consist of a title page and a description of no more than 300 words, including up to 4 references and a figure legend. Movie clips may be submitted in any of the standard formats (see "Video Requirements"). Although often presented within the context of a case, the images in this section are not intended as a vehicle for case reports.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS AND EDITORIAL VIEWPOINTS. Although usually invited, succinct opinion pieces will also be considered for JACC: Basic to Translational Science.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. A limited number of letters will be published. They should not exceed 500 words and should focus on a specific article that has appeared in JACC: Basic to Translational Science. Letters must be submitted within 3 weeks of the issue date of the article. No original data may be included. Type letters double-spaced and include the cited article as a reference. Provide a title page that includes authors’ names and institutional affiliations and a complete address for correspondence. Letters should be submitted online at https://www.jaccsubmit-basicts.org. Replies will generally be solicited by the Editors.


LEADING EDGE TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE Articles are discrete, highly significant, innovative or novel findings reported in a shorter format of 3,500 words or fewer in length. Editors will review for interest within seven (7) days of submission. These may be invited or volunteered manuscripts.

Although usually invited, succinct opinion pieces relevant to a specific aspect of translational medicine will also be considered for JACC: Basic to Translational Science. They should not exceed 2,500 words and should have no more than a total of 2 figures and tables than 5 references.

Contact details for submission

Contact Details
We request that all manuscripts be submitted online at https://www.jaccsubmit-basicts.org/cgi-bin/main.plex.

Submission Guidelines
Manuscript submissions should conform to the guidelines set forth in the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication," available from http://www.ICMJE.org and most recently updated in December 2019.

Ethics in publishing

Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.

Ethics
Studies should be in compliance with human studies committees and animal welfare regulations of the authors? institutions and Food and Drug Administration guidelines.All papers submitted to the journal will be subject to plagiarism checks.

Human and Animal Rights
Human studies must be performed with the subjects’ written informed consent. Authors must provide the details of this procedure and indicate that the institutional committee on human research has approved the study protocol. If radiation is used in a research procedure, the radiation exposure must be specified in the Methods. Clinical trials should be registered.

Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent which should be documented in your paper. Patients have a right to privacy. Therefore identifying information, including patients’ images, names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be included in videos, recordings, written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and you have obtained written informed consent for publication in print and electronic form from the patient (or parent, guardian or next of kin where applicable). If such consent is made subject to any conditions, the editorial office must be made aware of all such conditions.

Relationship With Industry Policy
The Editors require authors to disclose any relationship with industry and financial associations from within the past 2 years that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article in both the cover letter and on the title page. All sources of funding for the work should be acknowledged in a footnote on the title page, as should all institutional affiliations of the authors (including corporate appointments). Other kinds of associations, such as consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interests or patent-licensing arrangements, should be disclosed to the Editors in the cover letter at the time of submission. If no conflict of interest exists, please state this in the cover letter and on the title page. Relationship with industry guidelines apply to authors of all the following: Original Research Papers, State-of-the-Art Papers, Editorials and Viewpoints, Images, Editorial Comments, and Letters to the Editor.

ALL FORMS ARE NOW SIGNED AND SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY. Once a manuscript is accepted, the authors will be sent links to complete electronic Copyright Transfer and Relationship with Industry forms. Only the corresponding author may electronically sign the copyright form; however, ALL AUTHORS ARE REQUIRED TO ELECTRONICALLY SIGN A RELATIONSHIP WITH INDUSTRY FORM. Once completed, a PDF version of the form is e-mailed to the author. Authors can access and confirm receipt of forms by logging into their account online. Each author will be alerted if his/her form has not been completed by the deadline.

Only authors appearing on the final title page will be sent a form. YOU CANNOT ADD AUTHORS AFTER ACCEPTANCE OR ON PROOFS. After a paper is sent to the publisher, the links to the electronic forms will no longer be active. In this case, authors will be sent links to download hard copy forms that they may mail or fax to the JACC: Basic to Translational Science office.

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing

The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Disclosure instructions
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.

Exclusive Submission/Publication Policy
Manuscripts are considered for review only under the conditions that they are not under consideration elsewhere and that the data presented have not appeared on the Internet or have not been previously published (including symposia, proceedings, transactions, books, articles published by invitation, and preliminary publications of any kind, excepting abstracts that do not exceed 400 words). On acceptance, transfer of copyright to the American College of Cardiology Foundation will be required. Elsevier will maintain copyright records for the College. Sharing of data from manuscripts that are under review or accepted but not yet published is expressly forbidden, unless permission is received from the JACC Journals Editorial Office. We ask that authors disclose this information during the submission process. JACC Journals does not consider the posting of manuscripts to a preprint server a prior publication, if they have not undergone peer review and provided that the following conditions are met: 1) when submitting a manuscript to a JACC journal, authors must acknowledge preprint server deposition and provide all associated accession numbers or DOIs; 2) versions of a manuscript that have been altered as a result of our peer review process may not be deposited; 3) the preprint version cannot have been indexed in MEDLINE or PubMed; and 4) upon publication in a JACC journal, authors are responsible for updating the archived preprint with a DOI and link to the published version of the article. Should the paper be accepted and published in a JACC journal, that JACC journal DOI should be considered to be the one representing this published work in all credits, citation, and attribution.

Use of inclusive language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.

Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses

Reporting guidance
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

Definitions
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (""sex assigned at birth""), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ""sex"" and ""gender"" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.

Contributors

Each author is required to declare their individual contribution to the article: all authors must have materially participated in the research and/or article preparation, so roles for all authors should be described. The statement that all authors have approved the final article should be true and included in the disclosure.

Authorship/Cover Letter
Each author must have contributed significantly to the submitted work. If there are more than 4 authors, the contribution of each must be substantiated in the cover letter. If authorship is attributed to a group (either solely or in addition to 1 or more individual authors), all members of the group must meet the full criteria and requirements for authorship. To save space, if group members have been listed in JACC: Basic to Translational Science, the article should be referenced rather than reprinting the list. The Editors consider authorship to include all of the following: 1) conception and design or analysis and interpretation of data, or both; 2) drafting of the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the manuscript submitted. Participation solely in the collection of data does not justify authorship but may be appropriately acknowledged in the Acknowledgment section.

Please disclose in the cover letter and in the acknowledgement section (the latter of which is published, if the paper is accepted) if any artificial intelligence (AI) programs (e.g., ChatGPT, or other similar software) contributed to the compilation of the submitted manuscript as well as the nature of the contribution that the tool provided. This could include design, performance, analysis, writing, and reporting of the work.

Copyright

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (see more information on this). Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.

Author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.

Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.

Open access

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.

Language Services
English language help service: Upon request, Elsevier will direct authors to an agent who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please visit our Support Center for further information.

Patient Details
Written consents must be provided to the editorial office on request. Even where consent has been given, identifying details should be omitted if they are not essential. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic pedigrees, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort scientific meaning and editors should so note. If such consent has not been obtained, personal details of patients included in any part of the paper and in any supplementary materials (including all illustrations and videos) must be removed before submission. Animal investigation must conform to the "Position of the American Heart Association on Research Animal Use," adopted by the AHA on November 11, 1984. If equivalent guidelines are used, they should be indicated. The AHA position includes: 1) animal care and use by qualified individuals, supervised by veterinarians, and all facilities and transportation must comply with current legal requirements and guidelines; 2) research involving animals should be done only when alternative methods to yield needed information are not possible; 3) anesthesia must be used in all surgical interventions, all unnecessary suffering should be avoided and research must be terminated if unnecessary pain or fear results; and 4) animal facilities must meet the standards of the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC).

Preparation

Text
The text should be structured as Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. Use headings and subheadings in the Methods, Results, and particularly, Discussion sections. Every reference, figure, and table should be cited in the text in numerical order according to order of mention.

For accepted papers, authors will be asked to provide a list of bulleted highlights and a summary to replace the abstract (see Visual Abstract instructions).

Perspectives
The authors should delineate clinical implications and translational outlook recommendations for their manuscripts. These should be listed in the manuscript after the Text and before the Acknowledgments and References. Please review the examples provided below. The implications describe the consequences of the study for current practice. The translational outlook identifies the potential barriers to clinical translation, emphasizing directions for additional research. Clinical Competencies. Competency-based learning in cardiovascular medicine addresses the 6 domains promulgated by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and endorsed by the American Board of Internal Medicine (Medical Knowledge, Patient Care and Procedural Skills, Interpersonal and Communication Skills, Systems-Based Practice, Practice-Based Learning, and Professionalism) (http://www.acgme.org/acgmeweb). The ACCF has adopted this format for its competency and training statements, career milestones, lifelong learning, and educational programs. The ACCF also has developed tools to assist physicians in assessing, enhancing, and documenting these competencies (https://www.acc.org/education-and-meetings/products-and-resources/competencies).

Authors are asked to consider the clinical implications of their report and identify applications in one or more of these competency domains that could be used by clinician readers to enhance their competency as professional caregivers.

This applies not only to physicians in training, but to the sustained commitment to education and continuous improvement across the span of their professional careers.

Perspectives
Translational Outlook. Translating biomedical research from the laboratory bench, clinical trials or global observations to the care of individual patients can expedite discovery of new diagnostic tools and treatments through multidisciplinary collaboration. Effective translational medicine facilitates implementation of evolving strategies for prevention and treatment of disease in the community. The Institute of Medicine identified two areas needing improvement: testing basic research findings in properly designed clinical trials and, once the safety and efficacy of an intervention has been confirmed, more efficiently promulgating its adoption into standard practice (Sung NS, Crowley WF, Genel M. The meaning of translational research and why it matters. JAMA 2008;299:3140–3148).

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recognized the importance of translational biomedical research, emphasizing multifunctional collaborations between researchers and clinicians to leverage new technology and accelerate the delivery of new therapies to patients (https://ncats.nih.gov/index.php).

Authors are asked to place their work in the context of the scientific continuum, by identifying impediments and challenges requiring further investigation and anticipating next steps and directions for future research.

Cover Letter
Manuscripts must be submitted with a cover letter stating: 1) the paper is not under consideration elsewhere; 2) none of the paper’s contents have been previously published; 3) all authors have read and approved the manuscript; and 4) the full disclosure of any potential conflict of interest (see "Relationship With Industry Policy"). Exceptions must be explained. If there is no conflict of interest, this should also be stated in the cover letter. The corresponding author should be specified in the cover letter.

All editorial communications will be sent to this author. The corresponding author will be whom we contact for submission queries.

Reporting Guidance

For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the?Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines?and the?SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation—however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

Title Page
Include the full title (no more than 15 words), authors' names (including full first name and middle initial and degrees), total word count, and a brief title of no more than 15 words. List the departments and institutions with which the authors are affiliated, and indicate the specific affiliations if the work is generated from more than one institution (use superscript letters a, b, c, d, and so on). Also provide information on grants, contracts, and other forms of financial support, and list the cities and states of all foundations, funds and institutions involved in the work. Include any relationship with industry (see "Relationship With Industry Policy"). If there are no relationships with industry, this should be stated. an e-mail address, and a Twitter handle, if available. Please also provide a short tweet summarizing your paper on your title page. The tweet should be approximately 280 characters, including spaces. Please include up to three hashtags with your tweet (Example: #ACCIntl, #ACCFIT, #WomenInCardiology, #CVD, #HeartFailure). You may also review our hashtag guide (https://www.acc.org/-/media/Non-Clinical/Files-PDFs-Excel-MS-Word-etc/About-ACC/Social-Media/ACC-Social-Media-Hashtag-Reference-Guide.pdf). Please note that the editors will review your content, and it may not ultimately be published on the @JACCJournals Twitter account. The corresponding author will be the sole contact for all submission queries.

A list of 3 to 5 highlights between about 75 to 120 words in length. These will be placed below the visual abstract in the final version of your manuscript.

Structured Abstract
Provide a structured abstract of no more than 250 words, presenting essential data in 5 paragraphs introduced by separate headings in the following order: Objectives, Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Use complete sentences. All data in the abstract must also appear in the manuscript text or tables. For general information on preparing structured abstracts, see "Haynes RB, Mulrow CD, Huth EJ, Altman DG, Gardner MJ. More informative abstracts revisited. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:69–76." An unstructured abstract is appropriate for review articles.

Abbreviations
The abbreviations of common terms (e.g., ECG, PTCA, CABG) or acronyms (GUSTO, SOLVD, TIMI) may be used in the manuscript. On a separate page following the condensed abstract, list the selected abbreviations and their definitions (e.g., TEE = transesophageal echocardiography). The Editors may determine which lesser known terms should not be abbreviated. Please consult "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication," available from http://www.ICMJE.org and most recently updated in December 2014, for appropriate use of units of measure.

Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments should contain 100 words or less.

Statistics
All publishable manuscripts will be reviewed for appropriateness and accuracy of statistical methods and statistical interpretation of results. We subscribe to the statistics section of the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication," available from http://www.ICMJE.org and most recently updated in December 2014. In the Methods section, provide a subsection detailing the statistical methods, including specific methods used to summarize the data, methods used for hypothesis testing (if any), and the level of significance used for hypothesis testing. When using more sophisticated statistical methods (beyond t tests, chi-square, simple linear regression), specify the statistical package, version number, and nondefault options used. For more information on statistical review, see "Glantz SA. It is all in the numbers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:835–7."’

Figures
Figures and graphs submitted in electronic format should be provided in EPS or TIF format. Graphics software such as Photoshop and Illustrator, NOT presentation software such as Powerpoint, CorelDraw, or Harvard Graphics, should be used to create the art. Color images must be at least 300 DPI. Gray scale images should be at least 300 DPI. Line art (black and white or color) should be at least 1200 DPI and combinations of gray scale images and line art should be at least 1200 DPI. Lettering should be of sufficient size to be legible after reduction for publication. The optimal size is 12 points. Symbols should be of a similar size. Figures should be no smaller than 13 cm X 18 cm (5" X 7"). Please do not reduce figures to fit publication layout. If the manuscript is accepted for publication, the publisher will re-size the figures accordingly.

ALL FIGURES MUST HAVE A TITLE AND A LEGEND.

Our editors encourage authors to submit figures in color, as we feel it improves the clarity and visual impact of the images. If your original submission contains any line art or black and white figures that you would like to change to color, please email the revised color figures to the JACC: Basic to Translational Science editorial office during the revision process. Be sure to include correspondence, with the manuscript number, explaining the change.

Decimals, lines, and other details must be strong enough for reproduction.

Designate special features with arrows. All symbols, arrows, and lettering on halftone illustrations must contrast with the background.

Visual Abstracts
A visual abstract is a single, concise, pictorial summary of the main findings of the article. Our in-house medical illustrators with create the final printable version of these figures in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief and the authors. The visual abstract is specially designed to be placed at the beginning of the article and is accompanied by 3-5 "bulleted highlights" and a short summary written by the author and ultimately replaces the written abstract. See examples of articles with visual abstracts:

Example #1: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.01.007

Example #2: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.01.009

Figure Legends
Figure legends should be typed double-spaced on pages separate from the text; figure numbers must correspond with the order in which they are mentioned in the text.

ALL FIGURES MUST HAVE A TITLE AS WELL AS A CAPTION.

For example, Figure 1: Title - Caption, etc.

All abbreviations used in the figure should be identified either after their first mention in the legend or in alphabetical order at the end of each legend.

All symbols used (arrows, circles, etc.) must be explained.

If previously published figures are used, written permission from the original publisher is required. See STM Guidelines for details: http://www.stm-assoc.org/permissions-guidelines. Cite the source of the figure in the legend.

Tables
Tables should be typed double-spaced on separate sheets, with the table number and title centered above the table and explanatory notes below the table. Use Arabic numbers. Table numbers must correspond with the order cited in the text.

ALL TABLES MUST HAVE A TITLE.

Abbreviations should be listed in a footnote under the table in alphabetical order. Footnote symbols should appear in the following order: *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶,#, **, ††, etc.

Tables should be self-explanatory, and the data presented in them should not be duplicated in the text or figures. If previously published tables are used, written permission from the copyright holder (typically the original publisher) is required. Cite the source of the table in the legend.

References
Do not cite personal communications, manuscripts in preparation, or other unpublished data in the references; however, these may be included in the text in parentheses. Do not cite abstracts that are older than 2 years. Identify abstracts by the abbreviation “abstr” in parentheses. If letters to the editor are cited, identify them with the word “letter” in parentheses.

Reference Citations
Identify references in the text by Arabic numerals in parentheses on the line. The reference list should be typed double-spaced on pages separate from the text. The references should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are mentioned in the text.

Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.

Preprint references
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.

Reference Style
Use the following style and punctuation for references:

Periodical List all authors if 6 or fewer, otherwise list the first 3 and add et al.; do not use periods after the authors’ initials. Please do provide inclusive page numbers as in example below.

5. Glantz SA. It is all in the numbers. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:835–7.

Doi-based citation for an article in press If the ahead-of-print date is known, provide as in example below.

16. Winchester D, Wen X, Xie L, et al. Evidence for pre-procedural statin therapy: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 Sept 28 [E-pub ahead of print], http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.028. If the ahead-of-print date is unknown, omit as in example below. 16. Winchester D, Wen X, Xie L, et al. Evidence for pre-procedural statin therapy: meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010 [E-pub ahead of print], http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jacc.2010.

Chapter in book Provide authors, chapter title, editor(s), book title, publisher location, publisher name, year, and inclusive page numbers.

27. Meidell RS, Gerard RD, Sambrook JF. Molecular biology of thrombolytic agents. In: Roberts R, editor. Molecular Basis of Cardiology. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993:295–324.

Online media Provide specific URL address and date information was accessed.

10. Henkel J. Testicular Cancer: Survival High With Early Treatment. FDA Consumer magazine [serial online]. January–February 1996. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/196_test.html. Accessed August 31, 1998.

Material presented at a meeting but not published Provide authors, presentation title, full meeting title, meeting dates, and meeting location.

20. Eisenberg J. Market forces and physician workforce reform: why they may not work. Paper presented at: Annual Meeting of the Association of Medical Colleges; October 28, 1995; Washington, DC.

Journal Abbreviations
Use Index Medicus (National Library of Medicine) abbreviations for journal titles. It is important to note that when citing an article from the JACC: Basic to Translational Science, the correct citation format is J Am Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science.

Authors may submit supplemental material to accompany their article. The supplemental material should be essential to the understanding and interpretation of the primary manuscript and should contain original content that has not been previously published. The supplemental material will be posted online at the same time of publication of the article.Please upload all supplemental materials, with the exception of videos and large data sets (see below), as one separately uploaded Word document that is labeled "Supplemental Appendix." The pages of the Supplemental Appendix should be numbered consecutively. The first page of the Supplemental Appendix should list the title and page number of each element included in the document. The Supplemental Appendix document may include the following elements: • Supplemental methods • Supplemental results • Supplemental tables (e.g., Supplemental Table 1, Supplemental Table 2) • Supplemental figures with accompanying figure legends (e.g., Supplemental Figure 1, Supplemental Figure 2) • All references that are cited within supplemental material should be placed in a separate reference section that is at the end of the supplemental material. The references should be formatted just as in the main manuscript and numbered and cited consecutively in the Supplemental Appendix. All supplemental material will undergo editorial and peer review at the same time as the main manuscript is being evaluated. Once the manuscript is accepted for final publication, the content of the supplemental material cannot be changed.

Large data sets for gene expression microarrays, SNP arrays, and high-throughput sequencing studies should be deposited in a public data repository (1,2). Microarray data must be deposited in a public data based that is compliant with Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) guidelines (e.g., GEO). High-throughput sequencing data must be deposited in a public data base that is compliant with Minimum Information About a Next-generation Sequencing Experiment (MINSEQE) guidelines. Please provide the relevant accession numbers in the text of the main manuscript. 1. Wheeler DL, Barrett T, Benson DA et al. Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Nucleic Acids Res 2007;35:D5-12. 2. Edgar R, Barrett T. NCBI GEO standards and services for microarray data. Nat Biotechnol 2006;24:1471-2.

Video Requirements
Inclusion of videos in the published paper is at the discretion of the Editors.

1. Video submissions for viewing online should be one of the following formats: Audio Video Interleave (.avi), MPEG (.mpg), or Quick Time (.qt, .mov).

AVI files can be displayed via Windows Media Player

MPEG files can be displayed via Windows Media Player

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/players.aspx

Quick Time files require Quick Time software (free) from Apple,

http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/index.html

2. Videos should be brief (less than 2-5 min). Longer videos will require longer download times and may have difficulty playing online. Videos should be restricted to the most critical aspects of your research. A longer procedure can be restructured as several shorter videos and submitted in that form.

3. It is advisable to compress files to use as little bandwidth as possible and to avoid overly long download times. Video files should be no larger than 5 megabytes. This is a suggested maximum. If files are larger please contact the JACC: Basic to Translational Science office.

4. A video legends page giving a brief description of the content of each video should be included in the manuscript. Please note that ALL videos must be linked to figures or panels of a figure(s).

5. If your paper is accepted for publication you may wish to supply the editorial office with several different resolutions of your video files. This will allow viewers with slower connections to download a lower resolution version of your video.

Data visualization

Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.

To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the research data is confidential. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.

The JACC Journals have adopted integrity guidelines to help authors uphold the ethics, values, and principles of the publication process at the highest standards. The guidelines below include best practices and are consistent with those implemented by other journals and scientific publishers.

The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) defines plagiarism as "theft or misappropriation of intellectual property and the substantial unattributed textual copying of another's work."

Manuscripts where unacknowledged copying of others' ideas, language and/or results will not be published in the JACC Journals and, depending on level of egregiousness, will be reported to ORI and/or other agencies. Therefore, authors should ensure that appropriate attribution and citation is provided when discussing, paraphrasing, or summarizing the work of others. Included is the use of one's own text from previous publications (exclusive of materials and methods), where appropriate attribution and citation is necessary. Reuse of one's own or others' previously published data, whether it be publishing the same paper in multiple journals or adding incremental new data to a previous publication without providing appropriate references, will be considered a duplicate publication.

Should the JACC Journals discover acts of plagiarism pre-publication, the publication process will be halted until the matter is resolved. Should the JACC Journals discover acts of plagiarism post-publication, an investigation to determine the extent and context of the plagiarism will be conducted. The JACC Journals reserve the right to correct or retract any publication based on the findings of said investigations.


Authors must discuss, properly cite, and provide appropriate permissions for any unpublished work included in submitted manuscripts. Any data, intellectual contribution, and/or technical development, including unpublished data from databases, must be acknowledged and appropriately cited. Authors must include written assurance that they are complying with the data-licensing agreements of the original source documents when using licensed data. If an author is reusing or modifying previously published or copyrighted figures, documented permission from the previous publisher or copyright holder is required.

Material submitted to a JACC Journal must be original. Submitted material cannot have been previously published and cannot be simultaneously submitted elsewhere (exclusive of meeting abstracts). Related manuscripts under consideration or in press elsewhere must be declared by authors submitting to a JACC Journal at the time of submission in the cover letter. If related material is submitted elsewhere after submission to a JACC Journal, authors must notify the JACC Journal immediately.

All data and figures published in JACC Journals must accurately represent the original data and findings. Misrepresentation of data acquisition and/or post-acquisition processing is not acceptable.

While the JACC Journals understand minor data processing may be unavoidable, submitted digital images must be as close to original as possible. Processing/image adjustment (e.g., contrast or brightness) must be applied equally across the entire image and any relevant controls. Any image processing/adjustment should not make data disappear or mask additional bands. Authors should explain any image alterations in the figure legend and identify image acquisition tools and processing software in the methods. Integral settings and processing manipulations used to process the presented data should also be described.

The JACC Journals reserve the right to request all unprocessed data files included in a submitted manuscript. Manuscript evaluation may be halted or discontinued if the files are not available upon request.

Authors should take care to adhere to the following specific concerns:


Cropped gels must preserve all important bands. Individual images cannot be used in multiple figures except when the figures describe different aspects of the same experiment (e.g., when a single control experiment served serves multiple experiments performed simultaneously). When an image is used in multiple figures, authors must clearly state the reason(s) for this in the figure legend.

Quantitative comparisons between samples on different gels/blots should be avoided, and only performed when normalizing controls are available for both gels. Protein loading controls must be run on the same blot. If unavoidable, the figure legend must indicate that the samples are derived from the same or parallel experiments and that the gels/blots are processed in parallel.

Removal of irrelevant or blank lanes from a gel is permissible; however, such alterations must be noted in the figure legend and boundaries between the nonadjacent or rearranged lanes must be clearly marked in the figure.


A scale bar should be included with all microscopy images. The measured resolution at which an image was acquired and any subsequent processing or averaging that enhances the resolution must be clearly stated. Adjustments should be applied over the entire image.

Microscopy settings for comparable controls and samples should be the same between experiments. Any necessary nonlinear, pseudocolor, or color adjustments made to images must be stated in the figure legend. Any manipulation of threshold and expansion or contraction of signal ranges should be avoided.

Authors should not combine images obtained separately, at different times, or from different locations, into a single image, unless specifically stated in the figure legend.


Figures representing data need to be designed and presented in a way that allows readers to understand and critically interpret the data. Authors must ensure that figures use easily distinguishable colors/lines/symbols and are color-blind-safe.

Continuous data and small sample sizes should be represented with figures that show full data distribution, such as dot or scatter plots. Bar graphs should be avoided except when showing counts or proportions.

Authors should consider adding a flow chart or study design diagram when appropriate. Flow charts should provide information about excluded observations and reasons for exclusion at each phase of the study.


As outlined by ORI, data management is one of the essential areas of responsible conduct of research (https://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/clinicaltools/data.pdf). Authors are expected to maintain all of the primary data used for their research submission, so that it can be evaluated by the reviewers and editors. At a minimum the retention of data after manuscript publication should conform to the policies within the authors' organization and the funding organization.

1. Consistent with the recommendations provided by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors for Clinical Trial Registration (ICMJE) (https://www.icmje.org/news-and-editorials/clincial_trial_reg_jun2007.html)JACC: Basic to Translational Science will require, as a pre-condition pf consideration for publication, registration in a public trials registry. Trials must register at or before the onset of patient enrollment. This policy applies to any clinical trial starting enrollment after July 1, 2005. 2. The ICMJE defines a clinical trial (https://www.icmje.org/about-icmje/faqs/clinical-trials-registration) as "any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to intervention or comparison groups to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome." Phase 0 clinical trials (e.g., exploratory clinical trial not designed to evaluate therapeutic or diagnostic intent) and phase 1 clinical trails do not meet the FDA definition of an Applicable Clinical Trail (21 CFR312.21), and therefore, are generally not required to be registered. 3. A list of the ICMJE accepted registries can be found at the following URL: https://www.icmje.org/about-icmje/faqs.clinical-trials-registration.

Authors may appeal editorial decisions by email. To appeal a decision, send your rationale as to why the editors should reconsider the paper to [email protected]. The rationale should address all of the reviewers' concerns and any concerns that were raised by the editors. The editors may grant or deny the appeal, and their decision is final. Appeals must be submitted within 30 days of the date the decision was rendered.

Citation
It is important to note that when citing an article from JACC: Basic to Translational Science, the correct citation format is J Am Coll Cardiol Basic Trans Science.

Author Enquires
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles or to articles currently under review, please contact the JACC: Basic to Translational Science editorial office at [email protected]. For information on articles that have been accepted for publication, please visit Elsevier’s Authors Home at https://www.elsevier.com/authors. Elsevier’s Authors Home also provides the facility to track accepted articles and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article’s status has changed, as well as detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions, and more. Authors can order copies of the issue in which their article appears at a discounted rate; please contact Elsevier Health Sciences Division, Subscription Customer Service, 3251 Riverport Lane, Maryland Heights, MO 63043, Tel: 1-800-654-2452, E-mail: [email protected].