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Articles are protected by copyright and may be used for non-commercial purposes. Users may access, download, copy, display, redistribute, adapt, translate, text mine and data mine the articles provided that:
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- They retain copyright notices and links to these terms and conditions so it is clear to other users what can and cannot be done with the article
- They ensure that, for any content in the article that is identified as belonging to a third party, any re-use complies with the copyright policies of that third party
- Any translations, for which a prior translation agreement with Elsevier has not been established, must prominently display the statement: "This is an unofficial translation of an article that appeared in an Elsevier publication. Elsevier has not endorsed this translation."
- Copying or downloading articles, or linking to such postings, for further redistribution, sale or licensing, for a fee;
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- The inclusion or incorporation of article content in other works or services (other than normal quotations with an appropriate citation) that is then available for sale or licensing, for a fee;
- Use of articles or article content (other than normal quotations with appropriate citation) by for-profit organisations for promotional purposes, whether for a fee or otherwise; or
- Use for the purposes of monetary reward by means of sale, resale, license, loan, transfer or other form of commercial.


