1998 ACM Computing Classification System:

COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS
LIST OF KEYWORDS

Computer Graphics Methodologies

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Hardware Architecture

Graphics processors

Input devices

Parallel processing

Raster display devices

Graphics Systems

Distributed/network graphics

Picture/Image Generation

Bitmap and framebuffer operations

Digitizing and scanning

Display algorithms

Line and curve generation

Viewing algorithms

Graphics Utilities

Application packages

Graphics editors

Graphics packages

Paint systems

Software support

Virtual device interfaces

Computational Geometry and Object Modeling

Boundary representations

Curve, surface, solid, and object representations

Geometric algorithms, languages, and systems

Hierarchy and geometric transformations

Modeling packages

Object hierarchies

Physically based modeling

Splines

Methodology and Techniques

Ergonomics

Graphics data structures and data types

Interaction techniques

Standards

Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism

Animation

Color, shading, shadowing, and texture

Fractals

Hidden line/surface removal

Radiosity

Raytracing

Virtual reality

Visible line/surface algorithms

Applications

. IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION

Image displays

Image processing software

Digitization and Image Capture

Camera calibration

Imaging geometry

Quantization

Radiometry

Reflectance

Sampling

Scanning

Compression (Coding)

Approximate methods

Enhancement

Filtering

Geometric correction

Grayscale manipulation

Registration

Smoothing

Restoration

Kalman filtering

Reconstruction

Series expansion methods

Transform methods

Segmentation

Edge and feature detection

Pixel classification

Region growing, partitioning

Relaxation

Feature Measurement

Feature representation

Invariants

Moments

Projections

Size and shape

Texture

Scene Analysis

Color

Depth cues

Motion

Object recognition

Photometry

Range data

Sensor fusion

Shading

Shape

Stereo

Surface fitting

Time-varying imagery

Tracking

Applications
Image Representation

Hierarchical

Morphological

Multidimensional

Statistical

Volumetric

. SIMULATION AND MODELING

Applications
Model Validation and Analysis
Types of Simulation

Animation

Distributed

Gaming

Monte Carlo

Parallel

Visual

. MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENT PROCESSING

Authoring Systems
Multimedia Document Preparation

Desktop publishing

Format and notation

Hypertext/hypermedia

Index generation

Languages and systems

Markup languages

Electronic Publishing
Cross Media Publishing
Document Papture
Document Imaging

Document analysis

Graphics recognition and interpretation

Optical character recognition (OCR)

Scanning

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Applications and Expert Systems

Medicine and science

Knowledge Representation

Frames and scripts

Representation languages

Representations (procedural and rule-based)

Visualization

Robotics

Kinematics and dynamics

Operator interfaces

Workcell organization and planning

Vision and Scene Understanding

D/stereo scene analysis

Intensity, color, photometry, and thresholding

Modeling and recovery of physical attributes

Motion

Perceptual reasoning

Representations, data structures, and transforms

Shape

Texture

Video analysis

Agent Technology

Coherence and coordination

Intelligent agents

Languages and structures

Multiagent systems

PATTERN RECOGNITION

Models

Fuzzy set

Geometric

Neural nets

Statistical

Structural

Design Methodology

Classifier design and evaluation

Feature evaluation and selection

Pattern analysis

Clustering

Algorithms

Similarity measures

Applications

Computer vision

Signal processing

Waveform analysis

Information Systems

MODELS AND PRINCIPLES

User/Machine Systems

Human factors

Human information processing

Software psychology

Systems

Distributed databases

Multimedia databases

Rule-based databases

Transaction processing

Database Applications

Data mining

Image databases

Scientific databases

Spatial databases and GIS

Statistical databases

INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)

Multimedia Information Systems

Animations

Augmented, and virtual realities

Audio input/output

Video (e.g., tape, disk, DVI)

User Interfaces

Benchmarking

Graphical user interfaces (GUI)

Haptic I/O

Interaction styles

Screen design (e.g., text, graphics, color)

User-centered design

User interface management systems (UIMS)

Windowing systems

Group and Organization Interfaces

Asynchronous interaction

Collaborative computing

Computer-supported cooperative work

Synchronous interaction

Web-based interaction

Hypertext/Hypermedia

Architectures

Navigation

User issues

Visualization

Sound and Music Computing

Methodologies and techniques

Modeling

Signal analysis, synthesis, and processing

Systems

INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL

Online Information Services
Digital Libraries

. INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS

Office Automation

Desktop publishing

Groupware

Time management (e.g., calendars, schedules)

Workflow management

Types of Systems

Decision support (e.g., MIS)

Logistics

Communications Applications

Bulletin boards

Computer conferencing, teleconferencing, and videoconferencing

Electronic mail

Information browsers

Videotext

Human Media Technologies
Interactive Broadcasting
Graphic Information System

Spatial Information System

Facility Mamagement

Computer Graphics Applications

ADMINISTRATION

Business

Education

Financial (e.g., EFTS)

Government

Law

Manufacturing

Marketing

SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION

Aerospace

Archaeology

Astronomy

Chemistry

Earth and atmospheric sciences

Electronics

Engineering

Mathematics and statistics

Physics

LIFE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES

Biology and genetics

Health

Medical information systems

SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Economics

CULTURAL HERITAGE

Architecture

Fine arts

Language translation

Linguistics

Literature

Performing arts (e.g., dance, music)

COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING

Computer-aided design (CAD)

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT

Collabrative Virtual Enviroment

Distributed Virtual Enviroment

DIGITAL STORYTELLING

Visual Design

Computing Millieux

EDUCATION

Computer Uses in Education

Computer-based training (CBT)

I-net-based training

Distance learning

Medical

Cultural Heritage

SOCIETY

Social Issues
Organizational Impacts

Computer-supported collaborative work

Electronic Commerce

Cybercash, digital cash

Distributed commercial transactions

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

Intellectual property

Payment schemes

Security, Watermarking

Computer Systems Organization

PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES

Single Data Stream Architectures
Multiple Data Stream Architectures (Multiprocessors)
Other Architecture Styles
Parallel Architectures

COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Data communications

Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI)

Security and protection (e.g., firewalls)

Network Architecture and Design

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Distributed networks

Frame relay networks

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

Network communications

Wireless communication

Network Protocols
Network Operations
Distributed Systems
Local and Wide-Area Networks

Ethernet (e.g., CSMA/CD)

High-speed (e.g., FDDI, fiber channel, ATM)

Internet (e.g., TCP/IP)

Internetworking

SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND APPLICATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Microprocessor/microcomputer applications

Process control systems

Real-time and embedded systems

Signal processing systems

Smartcards

PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS
COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Large and Medium (``Mainframe'') Computers
Microcomputers
VLSI Systems
Servers
Appliances

SECURITY AND PROTECTION

Access controls

Authentication

Cryptographic controls

Information flow controls

Window managers

Data

DATA STRUCTURES

Distributed data structures

Graphs and networks

DATA STORAGE REPRESENTATIONS
DATA ENCRYPTION

Code breaking

Public key cryptosystems

Standards (e.g., DES, PGP, RSA)

CODING AND INFORMATION THEORY

Data compaction and compression

Error control codes

Formal models of communication

Hardware

INPUT/OUTPUT AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS

Data Communications Devices
Input/Output Devices

Data terminals and printers

Image display

Calibration

Interconnections (Subsystems)

Theory of Computation

ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS AND PROBLEM COMPLEXITY

Numerical Algorithms and Problems
Nonnumerical Algorithms and Problems
Tradeoffs between Complexity Measures

MATHEMATICAL LOGIC AND FORMAL LANGUAGES

Mathematical Logic

Mathematics of Computing

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Interpolation
Approximation
Numerical Linear Algebra
Quadrature and Numerical Differentiation

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Combinatorics
Graph Theory
Applications

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS