An introduction to the section.

The author reviews a variety of recent articles that study the quantitative relationship between the statistical properties of the visual environment and the structure and function of biological visual systems.

Bayesian models of object perception advance our understanding of how the visual system resolves the ambiguity of visual features.

Humans recognise objects with ease and at an astonishing speed. In contrast, performance of current AI systems does not near human performance. Here, we review recent findings from imaging studies that provide powerful insights to the representations and processing involved in object recognition.

Auditory research is converging on a unified understanding of cortical processing that integrates the physiology of neural circuits, segregated processing pathways, functional imaging techniques, and a focus on dynamic acoustic stimuli.

Time-resolved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows tracking of the information flow in the human brain.

Decisions take time. New research has applied new tasks and computational models to elucidate how long it takes the brain to decide between alternative stimuli and responses.

Decisions take time. New research has applied new tasks and computational models to elucidate how long it takes the brain to decide between alternative stimuli and responses.

New experiments in humans and monkeys shed light on the role of parietal cortex in attention and in the flexible linkage of sensory input to motor output.

The ability to form abstracted representations of categories and concepts provides us with the knowledge needed for intelligent behavior, and studies in non-humans primates have begun to uncover their neural basis.

How does the theoretical concept of ‘continuous attractors’ help us in understanding the fundamental problems behind building and maintaining persistent activity in networks of neurons? Additionally, does persistent working memory activity encode memories or does it also encode time?

Sensory and motor disorders are present in a significant proportion of developmental dyslexics, but play only a limited role in the aetiology of reading disability.

Here, we describe recent fMRI experiments and studies of neurological and psychiatric patients, which suggest that the parietal cortex plays a crucial role in the awareness of action.

Neocortical mechanisms support human motor skill learning, from simple practice, to adaptation, and to arbitrary sensory-motor associations. Such functions evolve in time and involve multiple structures across neocortex. Modification of neural properties, synchrony, and synaptic efficacy all have relations to development and maintenance of motor skill.

This review covers recent behavioural and computational studies in motor learning and prediction, focussing on how we learn to move in an environment which varies predictably, or unpredictably, over time.

Representation of information in population codes can be understood in terms of the tuning properties of individual neurons.

A review of recent advances in functional imaging of human time measurement suggests that two different brain systems are activated in different timing tasks.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging has become a powerful tool in dissecting the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; however recent developments suggest an even more prominent role in identifying in-vivo effects of genetic variability.