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Stellate Cells in Health and Disease
1st Edition - April 8, 2015
Editors: Chandrashekhar Gandhi, Massimo Pinzani
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780128001349
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 1 3 4 - 9
eBook ISBN:9780128005446
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 0 5 4 4 - 6
Stellate Cells in Health and Disease is a comprehensive reference providing the most up-to-date knowledge and perspectives on the function of stellate cells affecting the liver and…Read more
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Stellate Cells in Health and Disease is a comprehensive reference providing the most up-to-date knowledge and perspectives on the function of stellate cells affecting the liver and other organs.
The text presents comprehensive coverage of their already established role in hepatic fibrosis along with the newer emerging evidence for stellate cell participation in the liver cell (hepatocyte) survival and regeneration, hepatic immunobiology, transplant tolerance, and liver cancer.
Chapters describe both animal and human research and the relevance of findings from animal research to human pathophysiology, and also contain sections on future directions which will be of special interest to basic and clinical researchers working on liver fibrosis, hepatic biology, and pathobiology.
Presents coverage of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis with stellate cells as a target for therapy.
Shows stellate cells as a major participant in hepatic immunobiology, including transplantation immunology.
Key illustrations show the phenotypical changes in stellate cells in situ and tissue culture, their interactions with other cell types, signaling pathways and demonstrate the functions and roles of stellate cell in pathological processes.
Basic and clinical researchers of gastroenteology, as well as hepatologists and practicing gastroenterologists.
Dedication
List of Contributors
Foreword
What Have We Learned?
The Outlook for Anti-Fibrotic Treatment
References
Preface
Chapter 1. History and Early Work
1.1 Discovery of Hepatic Stellate Cells
1.2 HSCs and Vitamin A Homeostasis
1.3 Morphological Characteristics of HSCs
1.4 HSCs and Liver Fibrosis
1.5 Isolation and Culture of HSCs
1.6 Activation and Transdifferentiation of HSCs
1.7 Markers for HSCs
1.8 Perspective
References
Chapter 2. Hepatic Stellate Cell Culture Models
2.1 Isolation of Hepatic Stellate Cells
2.2 Single Cell Culture
2.3 In Vitro- Versus In Vivo-Activated HSCs
2.4 Single Cell Culture and 2D: Importance of Adhesion, Arg–Gly–Asp, and Matrix Components
2.5 HSC Co-Cultures with Kupffer Cells, Hepatocytes, LSEC, HCC, and CC Cells
2.6 In Vitro 3D Culture Systems
2.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. Hepatic Fibrosis: A Global Clinical Problem
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Chronic Viral Hepatitis
3.3 NAFLD and NASH
3.4 Autoimmune Hepatitis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
3.5 Etiology-Driven Liver Fibrosis
References
Chapter 4. Stellate Cells and Hepatic Fibrosis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pathogenesis of Hepatic Fibrosis
4.3 HSCs and Hepatic Fibrosis
4.4 New and Emerging Pathways of HSC Activation
4.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Cytokine Production and Signaling in Stellate Cells
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
5.3 Angiogenic Cytokines
5.4 TGF-β Superfamily
5.5 Chemokines
5.6 Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily
5.7 Interleukins and Interferons
5.8 Adipokines and Other Cytokines Related to Metabolism
5.9 Osteopontin
5.10 Perspective
References
Chapter 6. Stellate Cells, Portal Myofibroblasts, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Hepatic Stellate Cells
6.3 Portal Fibroblasts
6.4 Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
6.5 Perspective
References
Chapter 7. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Metalloproteases (MMPs)
7.3 Relevance of MMP Activity and Matrix Degradation in Chronic Liver Disease
7.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 8. Stellate Cells and Portal Hypertension
Abbreviations
8.1 Overview
8.2 Cell Culture Based Studies
8.3 In Vivo Studies
8.4 Vasoactive Mediators and Stellate Cells
8.5 Therapeutic Implications
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9. Hepatic Stellate Cells and Liver Cancer
9.1 Fibrosis and HCC
9.2 The Premalignant Microenvironment
9.3 The Tumor Microenvironment
9.4 HSCs as Potential Contributors to Cancer Promotion
9.5 Mechanisms by Which HSCs Promote HCC
9.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 10. Stellate Cells in Alcoholic Hepatitis
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Pathophysiology of Fibrosis in ALD
10.3 HSC and ASH
10.4 Direct Effects of Ethanol and its Metabolites on HSC
10.5 Interactions of HSCs with Innate Immune Systems in ASH
10.6 Interactions of HSCs with Adaptive Immunity in ASH
10.7 Summary: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Reducing HSC Activation in ASH
References
Chapter 11. Hepatic Stellate Cells as Target for Reversal of Fibrosis/Cirrhosis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Fibrosis Reversibility: General Overview
11.3 Mechanisms of HSC Clearance During Fibrosis Resolution
11.4 Control of HSC Fate and Matrix Degradation by Neighboring Liver Cells During Fibrosis Resolution
11.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12. Interactions of Stellate Cells with Other Non-Parenchymal Cells
12.1 Hepatic Stellate Cells: Introductory Remarks
12.2 The Crosstalk of HSCs with Macrophages
12.3 HSC/MFs and Interactions with Other Cells of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
12.4 Interactions of HSCs and HSC/MFs with LSECs: From Liver Specific Pericytes to Pro-Angiogenic Cells
12.5 Interactions of HSCs and Portal Fibroblasts with Cholangiocytes
12.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 13. Hepatic Stellate Cells and Hepatocyte Survival
13.1 Introduction
13.2 HSC Phenotypes and Liver Injury
13.3 HSCs and Liver Regeneration
13.4 HSCs in Hepatocyte Injury During Endotoxemia
13.5 HSC Depletion Model to Study Acute Liver Injury
13.6 Perspective
References
Chapter 14. Stellate Cells in Hepatic Immunological Tolerance
14.1 Hepatic Immune System
14.2 Liver Tolerogenicity
14.3 Importance of HSCs in Transplantation
14.4 HSCs Produce Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Cytokines and Chemokines
14.5 HSC–DC Interactions
14.6 HSCs and Conventional Effector T Cells
14.7 HSCs and Regulatory T Cells
14.8 HSCs and NKT Cells
14.9 Perspective
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 15. Stellate Cell Depletion Models
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Immune Cell Mediated Clearance of HM
15.3 HM Intrinsic Signaling Events that Limit Scar Cell Survival
15.4 Chemical Systems
15.5 Development of Carriers to Selectively Target Therapeutics to HMs
15.6 Advantages of HM Targeted Delivery Vehicles for Therapy
15.7 Nanoparticles and Viral Delivery Systems
15.8 Genetic Systems
15.9 The Role of HM Depletion in Liver Regeneration and Cancer
15.10 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 16. Pancreatic Stellate Cells
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Pancreatic Stellate Cells—Isolation and Characterization
16.3 Role of PSCs in Pancreatic Disease
16.4 PSCs in Acute Pancreatitis
16.5 PSCs in Chronic Pancreatitis
16.6 Reversal of Pancreatic Fibrosis in Chronic Pancreatitis
16.7 PSCs in Pancreatic Cancer
16.8 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index
No. of pages: 336
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: April 8, 2015
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780128001349
eBook ISBN: 9780128005446
CG
Chandrashekhar Gandhi
Dr. Chandrashekhar Gandhi is a professor within the department of Surgery at the University of Cincinnati. His laboratory focuses on the mechanisms of intercellular communications that regulate the structure and function of the liver in physiology and pathology. Present research elucidates specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying effects of stellate cells. Dr. Gandhi is a member of the American Association for Advancement of Science, The New York Academy of Sciences, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Liver Transplantation Society, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, and the American Society for Investigative Pathology. He has contributed over 70 published research articles and owns the patent for “Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) in Inflammatory Conditions” (PCT/US2008/075440).
Affiliations and expertise
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
MP
Massimo Pinzani
Affiliations and expertise
UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus U3, UK
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