Reservoir Monitoring Handbook

By
  • Nathan Meehan, Sr. Executive Advisor, Baker Hughes Incorporated

Modern reservoir management requires continuous downhole monitoring systems to optimize the economic and operational performance of the assets. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and fluid flow provide valuable insights into the depletion dynamics of a reservoir that, if optimized, can be highly beneficial to the productivity and economics of the well. Unfortunately, oil and gas reservoirs represent some of the harshest, least accessible, environments on earth. This book is designed to familiarize engineers and management with the measurement systems, analysis/interpretation tools, and challenges available for reservoir monitoring activities. 

Brief and readable this basic guide to Reservoir Monitoring will cover most aspects of reservoir monitoring design and application including traditional methods, as well as methods tailored to monitor the geomechanical response of a reservoir. The book begins with a clear and rigorous discussion of the challenges faced in producing and optimizing recovery from each type of reservoirs. This is followed by self-contained chapters concerning methods. These methods are currently available to the operator, the benefits, and challenges for each method, and will provides case studies illustrating the benefits and learning s achieved through properly designed reservoir monitoring programs.

The author presents the technical background and key monitoring aspects of a number of complimentary technologies, along with the application to monitor a variety of injections including SAGD, CSS, Waterflood, Fireflood, Waste injection, Co2 sequestration and other EOR projects. The book covers all aspects of monitoring design and optimization, installation, acquisition, processing and interpretation.

Audience
Petroleum Engineer, Reservoir Engineer, Production Engineer, Drilling Engineer, Completion Engineer, Operations Engineer, Drilling Manager, Operations Manager, Project Production Engineer, Project Reservoir Engineer

Hardbound,

Published: October 2012

Imprint: Gulf Professional Publishing

ISBN: 978-0-12-382209-3

Contents

    1. Modern reservoir management applications (this is meant to be a discussion of the challenges faced in producing and optimizing recovery from each of these types of reservoirs)
      1. The role of integrated teams
      2. Issues in waterflooding
        1. Voidage replacement
        2. Field, fault block and pattern monitoring

      3. EOR issues
        1. Thermal recovery
        2. Fluid injection projects

      4. Gas and gas condensate reservoirs
      5. Unconventional gas reservoirs
      6. CO2 sequestration
        1. Depleted reservoirs
        2. Aquifer storage

      7. Naturally fractured reservoirs
      8. Deepwater issues
      9. Subsidence
      10. Complex wells
      11. Smart wells
      12. E-fields
      13. Geothermal reservoirs

    2. Characterization approaches
      1. Building the static model
        1. Integration and processing of seismic data
        2. Petrophysical data for reservoir characterization
          1. Seismic applications
          2. Reservoir properties
          3. Core data integration

        3. Integration of geological information
        4. Geostatistical approaches
          1. Overview
          2. Distribution of static properties
          3. Initialization of fluid saturations

        5. Geocellular modeling

      2. Integration of production data
        1. Pressure transient information
        2. Dynamic data
        3. Material balance and rapid methods
        4. Reservoir simulation as a characterization tool
        5. Simulation as a monitoring tool

    3. Field level monitoring
      1. Voidage replacement monitoring
      2. Chemical analysis
      3. Water detection
      4. Solids analysis
      5. Making the most of conventional tools

    4. Surface monitoring approaches
      1. 4-D seismic
      2. Tiltmeters to monitor flood fronts
      3. Microseismic monitoring
      4. Subsidence monitoring
        1. Tiltmeters
        2. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
        3. Seafloor mapping
        4. In well approaches (e.g. radioactive perforations)

      5. Surface gravity

    5. Single well monitoring
      1. Surface rates and pressures
        1. DCA
        2. PTA from surface data
        3. Use of high frequency data
        4. Artificial lift issues

      2. Downhole pressures and temperatures
        1. Permanent gauges (multiple types)
        2. Temporary tests (multiple types)
        3. Distributed Temperatures, fiber optics

      3. Permanent downhole flow rates and phases
      4. Production logging
        1. Saturations, flood fronts
        2. Temperatures
        3. Images
        4. Acoustic information
        5. Pressures
        6. (on and on

      5. Downhole tiltmeters, downhole gravity, permanent electrode arrayes etc

    6. Crosswell monitoring
      1. Interference testing
      2. Seismic tomography
      3. EM tomography
      4. Tracer testing

    7. Smart wells, i-fields
      1. Overview of technology
      2. Where is it worthwhile?
      3. Nanotechnology potential

    8. Economics and risk analysis
      1. Value of less than perfect information
      2. Decision tree and MCS examples
      3. Simulation of alternatives
      4. HSE considerations
      5. Compliance issues
      6. Prudent operatorship and optimizing value, recoveries

Advertisment

Elsevier for authors