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Implantable Neuroprostheses for Restoring Function
1st Edition - February 24, 2015
Editor: Kevin Kilgore
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9781782421016
9 7 8 - 1 - 7 8 2 4 2 - 1 0 1 - 6
eBook ISBN:9781782421092
9 7 8 - 1 - 7 8 2 4 2 - 1 0 9 - 2
Research and developments in neuroprostheses are providing scientists with the potential to greatly improve the lives of individuals who have lost some function. Neuroprostheses…Read more
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Research and developments in neuroprostheses are providing scientists with the potential to greatly improve the lives of individuals who have lost some function. Neuroprostheses can help restore or substitute motor and sensory functions which may have been damaged as a result of injury or disease. However, these minute implantable sensors also provide scientists with challenges. This important new book provides readers with a comprehensive review of neuroprostheses. Chapters in part one are concerned with the fundamentals of these devices. Part two looks at neuroprostheses for restoring sensory function whilst part three addresses neuroprostheses for restoring motor function. The final set of chapters discusses significant considerations concerning these sensors.
Systematic and comprehensive coverage of neuroprostheses
Covers the fundamentals of neuroprostheses, their application in restoring sensory and motor function and an analysis of the future trends
Keen focus on industry needs in the field of biomaterials
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Part One. Fundamentals and technologies of neuroprostheses
1. Introduction and fundamental requirements of neuroprostheses
1.1. What is a neuroprosthesis?
1.2. Scope of this book
1.3. Clinical impact of neuroprostheses
1.4. Organization of this book
2. Physiological principles of electrical stimulation
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Cellular and molecular aspects
2.3. Biophysics of neural tissue
2.4. Muscle
2.5. Electrical activation of neural tissue
2.6. Electrode considerations
2.7. Conclusions
3. Principles of command and control for neuroprostheses
3.1. Autonomous and “on-command” neuroprostheses
3.2. Neuroprosthesis as a multi-input multi-output system
3.3. Model-based control for “on-command” neuroprostheses
3.4. Hybrid hierarchical control systems
3.5. State control for coordination of movement
3.6. Future trends
3.7. Sources of further information
4. Design of electrodes for stimulation and recording
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Stimulation electrodes
4.3. Recording electrodes
4.4. Future directions
Part Two. Neuroprostheses for restoring sensory and autonomic functions
5. Neuroprostheses for restoring hearing loss
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Sensorineural hearing loss
5.3. Cochlear implants
5.4. Central auditory prostheses
5.5. Brain plasticity and auditory prostheses
5.6. Future directions
5.7. Conclusions
5.8. Sources of further information
6. Neuroprostheses for somatosensory function
6.1. Background on the somatosensory system
6.2. Overview of applications for somatosensory neuroprostheses
6.3. Examples of applications
6.4. Future directions
7. Vestibular neuroprostheses
7.1. Introduction
7.2. The vestibular system
7.3. History of “artificial” vestibular stimulation before vestibular neuroprostheses
7.4. Some findings pertinent to vestibular pacemakers and vestibular implants
7.5. Vestibular pacemakers
7.6. Vestibular implants
7.7. Further information
8. Neuroprosthetics for controlling epilepsy
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Vagal nerve stimulation
8.3. Deep brain stimulation
8.4. Anterior nucleus of the thalamus
8.5. Centromedian nucleus of the thalamus
8.6. Hippocampus
8.7. Cerebellum
8.8. Other targets
8.9. Responsive neurostimulation
8.10. Transcranial magnetic stimulation
8.11. Trigeminal nerve stimulation
8.12. Future therapies
8.13. Conclusion
Part Three. Neuroprostheses for restoring motor functions
9. Hand grasp and reach in spinal cord injury
9.1. Targeted functions and system requirements
9.2. Types of hand systems available
9.3. Operating principles
9.4. System installation and programming
9.5. Clinical outcomes
9.6. Future directions
10. Neuroprostheses for trunk stability, standing, and walking in spinal cord injury
10.1. Targeted functions and basic requirements
10.2. Supporting systems for SCI patients depend on injury level and completeness
10.3. Major issues in SCI functional stimulation
10.4. Patient results
10.5. Future directions and needs
11. Implantable neurostimulator for gut function
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Gastrointestinal (GI) electrical stimulation system design and approaches
11.3. Clinical outcomes of implantable GI electrical stimulation system
11.4. Future directions
12. Neuroprostheses to restore or improve tissue health: insights from prevention of deep pressure ulcers
12.1. Pressure ulcers
12.2. System designs and approaches
12.3. Testing in clinical settings
12.4. Future directions
13. Gait control in stroke
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) for gait correction
13.3. Implantable FES systems
13.4. Multichannel FES for gait correction
13.5. Conclusion
14. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) for upper limb function after stroke
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Effects of stroke on upper limb function
14.3. Purposes of upper limb FES after stroke
14.4. External FES systems
14.5. Implanted FES systems
14.6. Emerging and future directions for upper limb stroke FES systems
15. Neuroprostheses for spasticity control
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Background
15.3. Management of spasticity
15.4. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) in spasticity management
15.5. Future trends: electrical nerve block
16. Deep brain stimulation for treating Parkinson’s disease
16.1. Introduction to Parkinson’s disease
16.2. Clinical findings of Parkinson’s disease
16.3. Differential diagnoses of Parkinson’s disease
16.4. Medical treatment of Parkinson’s disease
16.5. Patient selection for surgery and goals
16.6. Ablative procedures or deep brain stimulation
16.7. Basic concepts of electrical stimulation
16.8. Deep brain stimulation implantation techniques
16.9. Deep brain stimulation programming
16.10. Complications of surgery
16.11. Deep brain stimulation outcomes
16.12. Conclusion
17. Neuromodulation for continence
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Basic physiology of the lower urinary tract
17.3. Targeted clinical applications
17.4. Description of the system
17.5. How does sacral neuromodulation (SNM) work in urology? Unified theory
17.6. Clinical outcomes
17.7. Future directions
Part Four. Challenges to clinical deployment of neuroprostheses
18. Global market for implanted neuroprostheses
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Global market for existing implantable neuroprosthetic devices (INPDs)
18.3. Global market for emerging INPDs
18.4. Regional INPD markets
18.5. Regional trends in INPD reimbursement
18.6. Conclusions
19. Consumer acceptance of implantable neuroprostheses