ICRP Publication 99 Low - Dose Extrapolation of Radiation Related Cancer Risk
By- . ICRP
This report considers the evidence relating to cancer risk associated with exposure to low doses of low-LET radiation, and particularly doses below current recommended limits for protection of radiation workers and the general public. It looks at the possibility of establishing a universal threshold dose below which there is no risk of radiation-related cancer. The focus is on evidence regarding linearity of dose response for all cancers considered as a group, but not necessarily individually, at low doses (the so-called linear, no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis). The report concludes that while existence of a low-dose threshold does not seem unlikely for radiation-related cancers, it does not favor the existence of a universal threshold. The LNT hypothesis, combined with an uncertain dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for extrapolation from high doses, remains a prudent basis for radiation protection at low doses and low dose rates.
International Commission on Radiological Protection
Paperback, 200 Pages
Published: July 2006
Imprint: Elsevier
ISBN: 978-0-08-044958-6
Contents
- ABSTRACT
GUEST EDITORIAL
PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION
Introduction
Inferences based on acute doses in the moderate-to-high dose range
Estimation of risk at low doses and low dose rates
Thresholds vs. the linear, no-threshold theory
Conclusion: Implications for low-dose cancer risk
LOW-DOSE RISK BIOLOGY
Introduction
Damage caused by radiation
Damage Response Pathways
Fidelity of DSB repair
Impact of defects in DNA repair, checkpoint control and apoptosis
Conclusions
CELLULAR CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE
Radiation- induced Chromosome Aberrations
Radiation-Induced Somatic Cell Mutations
Adaptive Response, Genomic Instability and Bystander Effect
Conclusions: Implications for Risk Assessment
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION
Mechanisms of radiation-induced cancer
Tissue Modifying Factors
Radiation-induced Cancer in Animals
Life Shortening
Summary
Conclusions: Implications for radiation-related cancer at low doses
QUANTITATIVE UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
Overview
Sources of uncertainty
Allowing for the uncertain possibility of a threshold
Conclusions
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
