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High Dynamic Range Imaging

Acquisition, Display, and Image-Based Lighting

By
  • Erik Reinhard, University of Bristol, UK
  • Wolfgang Heidrich
  • Paul Debevec, Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, U.S.A.
  • Sumanta Pattanaik, University of Central Florida, Orlando, U.S.A.
  • Greg Ward, Independent Consultant, Albany, California, U.S.A.
  • Karol Myszkowski, Senior Researcher in the Computer Graphics Group of the Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik (Germany).

This landmark book is the first to describe HDRI technology in its entirety and covers a wide-range of topics, from capture devices to tone reproduction and image-based lighting. The techniques described enable you to produce images that have a dynamic range much closer to that found in the real world, leading to an unparalleled visual experience. As both an introduction to the field and an authoritative technical reference, it is essential to anyone working with images, whether in computer graphics, film, video, photography, or lighting design.

Audience
R&D Professionals in computer graphics, digital design and visualization. Visual effects artists in entertainment industry (including interactive entertainment/games). Engineering staff (i.e. coders, implementors of HDRI) at HDRI display/sensor manufacturers (e.g., Phillips, Samsung).

Hardbound, 672 Pages

Published: May 2010

Imprint: Morgan Kaufmann

ISBN: 978-0-12-374914-7

Reviews

  • "With the mainstream introduction of affordable LED HDTVs and computer monitors, the principles of high dynamic range imaging have gone from an academic research topic to essential knowledge. For anyone involved in software or hardware development for computer games and entertainment video, this second edition of High Dynamic Range Imaging offers everything you need and more. Highly recommended."

    -Ian Ashdown, President, byHeart Consultants Limited


Contents

  • 1 Introduction

    2 Light and Color

    2.1 Radiometry

    2.2 Photometry

    2.3 Colorimetry

    2.4 Color Spaces

    2.5 White Point and Illuminants

    2.6 Spectral Sharpening

    2.7 Color Opponent Spaces

    2.8 Color Correction

    2.9 Color Appearance

    2.10 Display Gamma

    2.11 Brightness Encoding

    2.12 Standard RGB Color Spaces

    3 High Dynamic Range Image Encodings

    3.1 LDR vs. HDR Encodings

    3.2 Applications of HDR Images

    3.3 HDR Image Formats

    3.4 HDR Encoding Comparison

    3.5 Conclusions

    4 HDR Video Encodings

    4.1 Custom HDR Video Coding

    4.2 Backward Compatible HDR Video Compression

    5 HDR Image Capture

    5.1 Photography & Light Measurement

    5.2 HDR Image Capture from Multiple Exposures

    5.3 Film Scanning

    5.4 Image Registration/Alignment

    5.5 The Median Threshold Bitmap Alignment Technique

    5.6 Other Alignment Methods

    5.7 Deriving the Camera Response Function

    5.8 Noise Removal

    5.9 Ghost Removal

    5.10 Lens Flare Removal

    5.11 HDR Capture Hardware

    5.12 Conclusion

    6 Display Devices and Printing Technologies

    6.1 Display Technologies

    6.2 Local Dimming HDR Displays

    6.3 Printing

    6.4 Conclusions

    7 Perception-Based Tone Reproduction

    7.1 Tone Mapping Problem

    7.2 Human Visual Adaptation

    7.3 Visual Adaptation Models for HDR Tone Mapping

    7.4 Background Intensity in Complex Images

    7.5 Dynamics of Visual Adaptation

    7.6 Design Considerations

    8 Tone Reproduction Operators

    8.1 Sigmoidal Tone Reproduction Operators

    8.2 Image AppearanceModels

    8.3 Other HVS-Based Models

    8.4 Apparent Contrast and Brightness Enhancement

    8.5 Other Tone Reproduction Operators

    8.6 Exposure Fusion

    8.7 Summary

    9 Inverse Tone Reproduction

    9.1 Expansion Functions

    9.2 Under- and Over-Exposed Material

    9.3 Suppressing Quantization and Encoding Artifacts

    9.4 A Preference Studies

    9.5 Suggested Applications

    9.6 Summary

    10 Visible Difference Predictors

    10.1 Subjective versus Objective Quality Metrics

    10.2 Classification of Objective Quality Metrics

    10.3 Full-reference Quality Metrics

    10.4 Pixel-based Metrics

    10.5 Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) Index

    10.6 Perception-based Fidelity Metrics

    10.7 The HDR Visible Differences Predictor

    10.8 Dynamic Range Independent (DRI) Image Quality Metric

    10.9 Supra-Threshold HDR Image Quality Metrics

    10.10Accounting for Partial Adaptation

    10.11Summary

    11 Image-Based Lighting

    11.1 Introduction

    11.2 How the Renderer Computes IBL Images

    11.3 Capturing and Representing Light Probe Images

    11.4 Omnidirectional Image Mappings

    11.5 Capturing very bright sources such as the sun

    11.6 The Sampling Problem

    11.7 Advanced Image-Based Lighting Techniques

    11.8 Useful IBL Approximations

    11.9 Image-Based Lighting Real Objects and People

    11.10Real-time Image-Based Lighting

    11.11Conclusion

    A List of Symbols

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