Future Energy

Table of ContentsPrefaceForewordIntroductionList of ContributorsPART I FOSSIL FUEL and NUCLEAR ENERGYChapter 1 The Future of Oil and Gas Fossil FuelsA Goodwin1 Introduction2 Hydrocarbon Reserves3 Hydrocarbon Recovery, Reserves, Production and Consumption4 Global warming, Alternative Energy and CO2 Sequestration5 ConclusionChapter 2 The Future of Clean CoalM Balat1 Introduction2 Coal and Environmental Problems3 Clean Coal Technologies4 Cost and Plant Characteristics5 ConclusionChapter 3 Nuclear Power (Fission) S Green and D Kennedy1 Introduction2 UK cost benefit analysis for 2007 Energy White Paper3 Other recent studies on nuclear generation costs4 Global prospects for nuclear power5 ConclusionsChapter 4 The Alberta Oil Sands: Reserves and Supply OutlookF Rahnama, K Elliott, RA Marsh and L Philip1 Introduction2 Bitumen Reserves in Alberta3 Reserves Under Development4 Bitumen Recovery Techniques5 Short Term Bitumen Supply in Alberta6 Long Term Bitumen Supply in Alberta7 Supply Costs of Bitumen Production in Alberta8 ConclusionsChapter 5 The Future of Methane and Coal to Petrol and Diesel Technologies AC Vosloo1 Brief Description of the Methane and Coal to Petrol and Diesel Technologies2 Factors that will Influence the Future Demand for CTL and GTL Technologies3 Environmental Factors that will Influence the Application of CTL and GTL Technologies4 Future Developments to Reduce the Capital and Operating Costs of CTL and GTL Plants5 ConclusionsPART II RENEWABLE ENERGYChapter 6 Wind EnergyL Staudt1 History and Present Status2 Technical Issues3 Commercial Issues4 Environmental Issues5 ConclusionsChapter 7 Tidal Current Energy: Origins and ChallengesA Owen1 Introduction2 Tidal Current Drivers3 Devices4 Anchors and Fixings5 Bio-fouling6 SummaryChapter 8 Wave EnergyR Alcorn1 Background, Context and Drivers of wave Energy2 What is Ocean Wave Energy3 The Energy Resource and How it is Measured4 Forecasting and Prediction5 Challenges and Benefits6 Converter Types7 Device Rating8 Modern Devices9 Economics of Wave Energy10 Alternative Output11 FutureChapter 9 Bio-MassP Champagne1 Introduction2 Bio-mass Resources3 Bio-energy and Bio-fuels 4 Bio-mass to Energy Conversion Process5 Bio-economics6 Limitations and Knowledge GapsChapter 10 Concentrating Solar PowerR Pitz-Paal1 Introduction – Concept and Basic Characteristics2 State of the Art3 Cost Reduction Potential4 Further OptionsChapter 11 Hydroelectric PowerD Spreng and M Balmer1 History and Development2 Technology3 Hydropower and Sustainability4 Economics of Hydropower5 Hydropower in Liberalised Electricity MarketsChapter 12 Geothermal EnergyJL Renner1 Heat Flow and Subsurface Temperatures2 Tectonic Controls3 Types of Geothermal Systems4 Worldwide Geothermal Potential5 Worldwide Geothermal Development6 Methods for Electrical Generation7 Direct Use of Geothermal Energy8 Environmental Constraints9 The Future10 Source of Additional InformationChapter 13 Solar Energy: PhotovoltaicsD Infield1 Background2 The Solar Resource3 Outline of the Conversion Process 4 Manufacturing Processes5 Applications6 Brief Summary of Research ChallengesPART III POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT NEW TYPESOF ENERGYChapter 14 The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor D Matzner1 Historical Preface2 Reactor Unit3 Nuclear Safety4 Technological Applications5 Project StatusChapter 15 Fuel Cells and BatteriesJ Salminen, D Steingard and T Kallio1 Fuel Cells2 Batteries3 Concluding RemarksChapter 16 Methane HydratesE Allison1 Background2 Detection and Quantification3 Production Technology4 Economics5 Time Scale for DevelopmentChapter 17 Nuclear FusionL Grisham 1 What is Nuclear Fusion2 Desirable Characteristics of Fusion Power3 Why Fusion Power id Difficult4 Approaches to Fusion Reactors5 Economics of Fusion Energy6 Prospects for Fusion EnergyPART IV NEW ASPECTS TO FUTURE ENERGY Chapter 18 Carbon Capture and Storage for Greenhouse effect Mitigation D Tondeur and F Teng1 Introductory Aspects2 The Capture Techniques3 Geological Storage of CO24 Costs5 ConclusionsChapter 19 Smart Energy Houses of the Future – self supporting in energy and zero emissionR Wing1 Design and Construction of Energy Efficient Buildings2 Design of Very Low or Zero Energy Housing3 Future Technical Developments and Demonstration Projects4 Guidelines for Future Energy Efficient HousingChapter 20 The Prospects for Electricity and Transport Fuels to 2050G Dutton and M Page1 Introduction2 Energy Future Scenarios3 Primary Energy Policy Drivers4 Future Energy Fuel Options and supply Structures for Transport5 Future Energy Supply Structures for Electricity6 Conclusions