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Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice
1st Edition - July 9, 2015
Authors: Donald Krapohl, Pamela Shaw
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780128029244
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 2 9 2 4 - 4
eBook ISBN:9780128029251
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 2 9 2 5 - 1
Though polygraph has been the mainstay for government and police departments since World War II, it has undergone substantial transformation in recent years. Fundamentals of Polyg…Read more
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Though polygraph has been the mainstay for government and police departments since World War II, it has undergone substantial transformation in recent years. Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice bridges the gap between the outmoded practices and today’s validated testing and analysis protocols. The goal of this reference is to thoroughly and concisely describe the evidence-based practices of polygraphy. Coverage will include: psychophysiology, testing techniques, data collection, data analysis, ethics, polygraph law, alternate technologies and much more. This text addresses the foundational needs of polygraph students, and is written to be useful and accessible to attorneys, forensic scientists, consumers of polygraph services, and the general public.
Includes protocols and fundamentals of polygraph practice
Covers the history of lie detection, psychophysiology, data collection, techniques and testing, data analysis and much more
Authors are internationally recognized in the polygraph field
Polygraph practitioners, government agencies, state and local law enforcement, APA accredited law schools
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1: A history of lie detection
Abstract
Ancient Traditions
Observations of Behavior
Observations of Physiology
Modern Developments
First Precedent in Law
The Advent of Multiple Recordings
Modern Instrumentation
Evolution of Techniques
Evolution of Analytic Methods
Final Comment
Chapter 2: Anatomy and physiology for polygraph examiners
Abstract
Background
Organization
Integumentary System
Nervous System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Test question construction
Abstract
Irrelevant Questions
Relevant Questions
Probable-Lie Comparison Questions
Directed Lie Comparison Questions
Other Common Questions
Less Common Questions
Conclusion
Chapter 4: Data collection
Abstract
Explaining Sensors to the Examinee
Sensor Placement
Tracing Appearance
Final Comment
Chapter 5: Analysis of polygraph data
Abstract
Definitions
How to Approach Chart Interpretation
Electrodermal
Cardiovascular
Vasomotor
Pneumograph
Movement Sensor
Scoring Systems
Decision Rules
Global Analysis
Purposeful Non-cooperation
Chapter 6: Polygraph screening
Abstract
Overview
Results
General Suggestions for Pretest Interviews
Directed-Lie Screening Test
Air Force Modified General Question Technique
Relevant/Irrelevant Screening Test
Screening Examination Reports
Chapter 7: Specific-issue testing techniques
Abstract
Case Preparation
Pretest Interview
Federal Zone Comparison Technique
Utah Probable Lie Test
Air Force Modified General Question Technique
Chapter 8: Recognition tests
Abstract
Peak of Tension
Concealed Information Test
Chapter 9: Scientific issues
Abstract
Validity
Reliability
Types of Validity Studies
Effect of Decision Rules
Effects of Base Rates
Polygraph Theories
Chapter 10: Polygraph legal issues
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Admissibility of Evidence of Polygraph Examination Results
Use of Polygraph in Interrogation
Postconviction Sex Offender Testing
Polygraph in the Workplace
Licensing of Polygraph Examiners
The Future of Polygraph and the Law
Chapter 11: Advanced topics
Abstract
Physical Conditions Requiring Accommodation
Ethics
Report Writing
Postconviction Sex Offender Testing (PCSOT)
Asset Forfeiture Testing
Working with Foreign Language Interpreters
Silent Answer Test
Yes Test
Paired Testing: The “Marin Protocol”
Testing Victims of Traumatic Events
Chapter 12: Alternate technologies
Abstract
Event-Related Potentials
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Thermal Imaging
Saccadic Eye Movement
Oculomotor Deception Test
Laser Doppler Vibrometry
Voice-Based Systems
Autobiographical Implicit Association Test
Glossary
Appendix A: Public Law 100 – 347
Section 1 Short Title
Section 2 Definitions
Section 3 Prohibitions on Lie Detector use
Section 4 Notice of Protection
Section 5 Authority of the Secretary
Section 6 Enforcement Provisions
Section 7 Exemptions
Section 8 Restrictions on use of Exemptions
Section 9 Disclosure of Information
Section 10 Effect on Other Law and Agreements
Section 11 Effective Date
Appendix B: 2015 Update to the APA 2011 meta-analytic survey of validated polygraph techniques
Appendix C1: Confidential report
Test Phase
Posttest Admissions
Conclusions and Recommendations
Criterion Accuracy/Probability of Errors
Appendix C2: Polygraph Examination Report
Index
No. of pages: 364
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: July 9, 2015
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780128029244
eBook ISBN: 9780128029251
DK
Donald Krapohl
Mr. Krapohl polygraph career started in the private sector in 1979, conducting testing for attorneys, police departments and commercial firms in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1985 he was recruited by the US government to perform polygraph testing for intelligence and security purposes, and Mr. Krapohl conducted many significant and highly sensitive cases during that time. Ultimately he became involved in government research on the polygraph, which led to his assignment in 1997 to the US government's polygraph education and research organization at Ft. Jackson, SC. Working among leading scientists in this area afforded Mr. Krapohl new opportunities to investigate the potential, and potential limits, of the polygraph and to explore other technologies that might augment or replace it. His primary focus as a researcher was the development of best practices, and the use of empirically based methodologies. His work led to, among other advances, a polygraph algorithm now used on most computer polygraphs. His expansive terminology reference for polygraphy is the standard in the field. He was a member of the team that validated the Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System, a technology now a major component of force protection for the US military. Mr. Krapohl helped craft the charge given the National Research Council during its survey of the literature on the validity of polygraph screening in 2003. Mr. Krapohl made technical presentations on the government's use of credibility assessment technologies to workshops hosted by the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation. Following six very productive years in the Research Branch Mr. Krapohl was designated the facility's Deputy Director. He retired from government service in 2015. In his career he has authored more than 100 published research papers, general interest pieces, technical articles and book chapters on credibility assessment and related areas. Outside of his government service, Mr. Krapohl was the Editor-in-Chief for the publications of the American Polygraph Association (APA), 1997-2003 and 2007-2014. He served as APA President in 2006. He has been the recipient of numerous awards for his research and presentations.
Affiliations and expertise
American Polygraph Association
PS
Pamela Shaw
Ms. Shaw began her career in polygraph in 2000 while employed with the Kentucky Law Enforcement Council, a state government agency established to oversee certified police officers and provide pre-employment testing services for over 400 law enforcement entities. During her 14 years with the Council she served as an examiner, supervisor and polygraph school director for the state. She additionally established her own polygraph company, Shaw Polygraph Services, Inc., in 2006 where she administered specific issue and post-conviction sex offender tests and engaged in various educational and consulting endeavors to include quality control services and curriculum development. Ms. Shaw has provided numerous lectures to a variety of state, national and international polygraph associations, as well as American Polygraph Association (APA) accredited schools. She has also served as a consultant to diverse local and government agencies in the U.S., South America and Asia-Pacific regions. In addition to managing her private polygraph company she is also currently the owner and co-director of the National Polygraph Academy based out of Lexington, KY. The school is accredited by the APA and recognized by the American Association of Police Polygraphists. The school provides professional training to law enforcement, government and private sector students in various locations in the U.S. and abroad. From early on in her career, Ms. Shaw has been a strong advocate of education and professional practices in the field of polygraphy. She is the recipient of awards for her presentations and participation in committees responsible for publishing model policies for post-conviction sex offender testing, law enforcement/public service screening as well as the APA's 2011 Meta-Analytic Survey of Criterion Accuracy of Polygraph Techniques. Ms. Shaw served as President of the American Polygraph Association in 2012 and held other board positions for 6 years. She has also served as president and vice-president of the Kentucky Polygraph Association and is a member of additional professional polygraph associations including the American Association for Police Polygraphists and the American Society for Testing and Materials International.
Affiliations and expertise
Shaw Polygraph Services, Inc. and the National Polygraph Academy
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