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From Molecules to Networks
An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
3rd Edition - May 23, 2014
Editors: John H. Byrne, Ruth Heidelberger, M. Neal Waxham
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:9780123971791
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 7 1 7 9 - 1
eBook ISBN:9780123982674
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 9 8 2 6 7 - 4
An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. The third edition of From Molec…Read more
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An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. The third edition of From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. In keeping with previous editions, the unique content focus on cellular and molecular neurobiology and related computational neuroscience is maintained and enhanced.
All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this third edition to reflect the significant advances of the past five years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding new coverage of specific research methods (e.g., patch-clamp electrophysiology, including applications for ion channel function and transmitter release; ligand binding; structural methods such as x-ray crystallography).
Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the third edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook and insures that all references to primary research represent the latest results.
The first treatment of cellular and molecular neuroscience that includes an introduction to mathematical modeling and simulation approaches
80% updated and new content
New Chapter on "Biophysics of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels"
New Chapter on "Synaptic Plasticity"
Includes a chapter on the Neurobiology of Disease
Highly referenced, comprehensive and quantitative
Full color, professional graphics throughout
All graphics are available in electronic version for teaching purposes
Graduate and upper undergraduate students Neuroscience, Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Psychology, Biochemistry
Preface to the Third Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the First Edition
List of Contributors
Section I: Cellular and Molecular
Chapter 1. Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue
Neurons
Neuroglia
Cerebral Vasculature
References
Suggested Reading
Chapter 2. Subcellular Organization of the Nervous System: Organelles and Their Functions
Axons and Dendrites: Unique Structural Components of Neurons
Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue
Cytoskeletons of Neurons and Glial Cells
Molecular Motors in the Nervous System
Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells
References
Chapter 3. Energy Metabolism in the Brain
Major Pathways of Brain Energy Metabolism
Substrates, Enzymes, Pathway Fluxes, and Compartmentation
Imaging of Functional Metabolic Activity in Living Brain and in Vivo Assays of Pathway Fluxes
Pathophysiological Conditions Disrupt Energy Metabolism
Roles of Nutrients and Metabolites in Regulation of Specific Functions and Overall Metabolic Economy
Metabolomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics
Metabolic Scaling Across Species
Summary
References
Further References
Chapter 4. Intracellular Signaling
Signaling Through G-Protein-Linked Receptors
Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
References
Chapter 5. Regulation of Neuronal Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
The Dogma
DNA Structure and Functions
RNA Structure and Function
Transcription
Chromatin and Epigenetic Regulation
Control of Gene Expression and Examples in the Nervous System
Transcription Factors in Learning and Memory
Translational Control
Modes of Translational Control Underlying Synaptic Plasticity and Memory
References
Chapter 6. Modeling and Analysis of Intracellular Signaling Pathways
Intracellular Transport is Modeled at Several Levels of Detail
Standard Equations Simplify Modeling of Enzymatic Reactions and Feedback Loops
Positive and Negative Feedback Can Support Complex Dynamics of Signaling Pathways
Crosstalk Between Signaling Pathways shapes stimulus responses
Parameter Estimation
Dynamics Should Usually be Robust to Parameter Variation
Parameter Uncertainties Imply the Majority of Models are Qualitative, Not Quantitative
Separation of Fast and Slow Processes is an Important Method to Simplify Models
Analyzing Flux Control Helps Understand and Predict Dynamics of Metabolism
Special Modeling Techniques are Required for Macromolecular Complexes
Genes are Often Organized into Networks Activated by Signaling Pathways
Gene Networks can be Modeled at Very Different Levels
Gene Network Models Illustrate ways in Which Feedback Generates Complex Dynamics
Fluctuations in Molecule Numbers Strongly Influence Genetic Regulation
Summary
References
Specific References
Chapter 7. Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Synaptic Transmission: Classical Transmitters
Diverse Modes of Neuronal Communication
Chemical Transmission
Classical Neurotransmitters
Summary
References
Chapter 8. Nonclassic Signaling in the Brain
Peptide Neurotransmitters
Neurotensin as an Example of Peptide Neurotransmitters
Unconventional Transmitters
Synaptic Transmitters in Perspective
References
Chapter 9. Connexin and Pannexin Based Channels in the Nervous System: Gap Junctions and More
Cell Interactions in the Nervous System—The Larger Picture
General Properties and Structure of Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels
Connexins in CNS Ontogeny
Connexins in Neurons of the Adult CNS
Astroglial Connexins
Connexins in Oligodendrocytes
Connexins in Microglia
Connexins in the Blood-Brain Barrier
Connexins in Ependimal Cells and Leptomeningeal Cells
Pattern of Pannexin Localization in Brain Cells
Gap Junction Channels and Hemichannels in Acquired and Genetic Pathologies of the CNS
Summary and Perspective
References
Further Reading
Chapter 10. Neurotransmitter Receptors
Ionotropic Receptors
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
References
Chapter 11. Molecular Properties of Ion Channels
Families of Ion Channels
Channel Gating
Ion Permeation
References
Section II: Physiology of Ion Channels, Excitable Membranes and Synaptic Transmission
Chapter 12. Membrane Potential and Action Potential
The Membrane Potential
The Action Potential
References
Chapter 13. Biophysics of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Principal Features
Major Families of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
VGICs are Highly Sensitive to Membrane Voltage but Current Flow Through all Ion Channels is Influenced by Voltage
Abnormal Biophysical Properties of VGICs and Human Disease
Structural Features Associated with Unique Biophysical Properties of VGICs
Regions of VGICs that Regulate Inactivation
Biophysical Properties of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and Neuronal Function
Measuring Biophysical Properties of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Steady-State Current-Voltage Relationships
Voltage-Clamp Recording Methods to Study Biophysical Properties of VGICs
Single Ion Channel Currents
Modulation of Biophysical Properties of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels
Local Changes in Chemical Environment by Second Messenger Action
Neurotoxins that Disrupt Biophysical Properties of VGICs
The Plasma Membrane Lipid PIP2 Modulates VGICs
Calcium Inactivates Cav1 Channels
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 14. Dynamical Properties of Excitable Membranes
The Hodgkin-Huxley Model
Characterizing the Na+ Conductance
A Geometric Analysis of Excitability
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Release of Neurotransmitters
Organization of the Chemical Synapse
Excitation–Secretion Coupling
The Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release
Quantal Analysis
References
Chapter 16. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration
Ionotropic Receptors: Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials
Metabotropic Receptors: Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials
Integration of Synaptic Potentials
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 17. Cable Properties and Information Processing in Dendrites
Basic Tools: Cable Theory and Compartmental Models
Spread of Steady-State Signals
Spread of Transient Signals
Dynamic Properties of the Passive Electrotonic Structure
Active Dendritic Properties
Backpropagation of Action Potentials into Dendrites
Active Dendrites Amplify Synaptic Inputs
Active Dendrites Control Neuronal Output
Ca2+ Signaling in Dendritic Spines
Conclusion
References
Section III: Integration
Chapter 18. Synaptic Plasticity
Introduction
Short-Term Plasticity
Long-Term Plasticity
References
Chapter 19. Information Processing in Neural Networks
Information Processing
Neural Representation
Encoding and Decoding
Iconic Neural Circuits
Neuroplasticity and Neuromodulation
Example Circuits
Summary
References
Chapter 20. Learning and Memory: Basic Mechanisms
Paradigms have been Developed to Study Associative and Nonassociative Learning
Invertebrate Studies: Key Insights from Aplysia into Basic Mechanisms of Learning
Mechanisms Underlying Associative Learning in Aplysia
Classical Conditioning in Vertebrates: Discrete Responses and Fear Reactions as Models of Associative Learning
How Does a Change in Synaptic Strength Store a Complex Memory?
Summary
References
Suggested Readings
Chapter 21. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurological Disease
Introduction
Alzheimer’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease
Prion Diseases
Schizophrenia
Phenylketonuria
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases
Fragile X Syndrome
Huntington’s Disease
Genetic Heterogeneity in a Non-Cns Disease: Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Summary and Conclusion
References
Index
No. of pages: 694
Language: English
Edition: 3
Published: May 23, 2014
Imprint: Academic Press
Hardback ISBN: 9780123971791
eBook ISBN: 9780123982674
JB
John H. Byrne
The June and Virgil Waggoner Professor and Chair, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Dr. Byrne is an internationally acclaimed Neuroscientist. He received his PhD under the direction of Noble Prize winner, Eric Kandel. Dr. Byrne is a prolific author and Editor-in-Chief of Learning and Memory (CSHP).
Affiliations and expertise
University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
RH
Ruth Heidelberger
Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Dr. Heidelberger is an accomplished cellular neurophysiologist specializing in mechanisms of neurotransmitter release. She received her doctoral training under the guidance of Gary Matthews and her postdoctoral training under the direction of Nobel Laureate Erwin Neher. Dr. Heidelberger is a former president and executive board member of the Biophysical Society's Subgroup on Exocytosis and Endocytosis and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Neurophysiology. She has directed and taught graduate-level courses in cellular neurophysiology and membrane biophysics for more than a decade.
Affiliations and expertise
The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
MW
M. Neal Waxham
The William Wheless III Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School at Houston. Dr. Waxham’s multi-disciplinary laboratory focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of synaptic function and plasticity. He has developed and directed graduate-level courses in cellular and molecular neurobiology for more than two decades.
Affiliations and expertise
The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA