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Dissolved Gas Concentration in Water

Computation as Functions of Temperature, Salinity and Pressure

By
  • John Colt, Research Biologist, National Marine Fisheries Service

Aquacultural, oceanographic, and fisheries engineering, as well as other disciplines, require gas solubility data to compute the equilibrium concentration. These calculations, for example, can affect the output of aquacultural production or assist in environmental consulting. Until now, published solubility information has not been available in a consistent and uniform manner in one location. This book presents solubility concentrations of major atmospheric gases (oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide), noble gases (helium, neon, krypton, xenon), and trace gases (hydrogen, methane, nitrous oxide) as a function of temperature, salinity, pressure, and gas composition in a variety of formats. Data, equations, and theory are explained so that the user is able to understand the calculations and problems. Furthermore, data and solubility information are presented in a range of units to make them accessible across disciplines. This book will help the reader to look at a problem from a quantitative viewpoint and better understand carbonate chemistry. Revised from the earlier edition to include more accurate carbon dioxide tables and separate sections on the solubility of noble gases, trace gases, and oxygen in brines to provide a single resource for gas solubility data. This book is essential for all students and practitioners working in aquatic fields.

Audience
Atmospheric Scientists, Oceanographers, Aquaculture and Environmental Consultants, Chemical Engineers, and Biologists

Hardbound, 306 Pages

Published: January 2012

Imprint: Elsevier

ISBN: 978-0-12-415916-7

Contents

  • INTRODUCTION

    1: SOLUBILITY OF ATMOSPHERIC GASES IN FRESH WATER

    General Gas Solubility Relationships  |  Standard Air Solubility Concentration in mol/kg ( ) – Freshwater

    Standard Air Solubility Concentration for Carbon Dioxide as a Function of Mole Fraction – Freshwater

    Standard Air Solubility Concentration in Conventional Units ( ) – Freshwater  |  Computation of Air Saturation Concentrations ( or ) – Freshwater

    Vapor Pressure of Water ( ) – Freshwater  |  Computation of Air Saturation Concentrations as Function of Elevation – Freshwater

    Computation of Air Saturation Concentrations as Function of Water Depth – Freshwater

    Computation of Bunsen Coefficients and Gas Solubility of an Arbitrary Mole Fraction – Freshwater  |  Computation of Gas Tension, mm Hg – Freshwater

    2: SOLUBILITY OF ATMOSPHERIC GASES IN BRACKISH AND MARINE WATERS

    Standard Air Solubility Concentration – Seawater  |  Standard Air Solubility Concentration for Carbon Dioxide as a Function of Mole Fraction – Seawater

    Computation of Bunsen Coefficients – Seawater  |  Vapor Pressure of Water ( ) – Seawater  |  Hydrostatic Head of Water - Seawater  |  Computation of Gas Tension, mm Hg – Seawater  

    3: SUPERSATURATION OF GASES

    Computation Supersaturation for Individual Gases in Oceanography  |  Computation and Reporting of Gas Supersaturation  |  Physics of dissolved gases

    Physics and physiological basis of gas bubble disease  |  Dissolved gas analysis  |  Computation and reporting of gas supersaturation levels

    Computation of gas supersaturation from concentration units  |  Conversion of older reported gas supersaturation data

    Impact of depth on gas supersaturation levels  |  Impact of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Processes on Gas Supersaturation

    Heating and Cooling Water  |  Mixing waters of different temperatures

    Mixing waters of different salinities  |  Bubble Entrainment

    4: SOLUBILITY OF NOBLE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

    Helium  |  Neon  |  Krypton  |  Xenon

    5: SOLUBILITY OF TRACE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

    Hydrogen  |  Methane  |  Nitrous oxide 

    6: SOLUBILITY OF GASES IN BRINES

    Oxygen  |  Carbon dioxide

    7: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER

    Density  |  Specific weight  |  Vapor pressure

    Heat capacity (Cp)  |  Viscosity  |  Kinematic viscosity

    Surface tension  |  Heat of vaporization

    REFERENCES

    APPENDIX A: COMPUTATION OF GAS SOLUBILITY

    APPENDIX B: COMPUTATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER

    APPENDIX C: COMPUTER PROGRAMS

    AIRSAT

    ARBSAT

    APPENDIX D: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

    Property of Gases

    Definitions of Key Symbols in the Text

    Units and Conversions

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