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Bloodstain Patterns
Identification, Interpretation and Application
1st Edition - December 3, 2014
Author: Anita Y. Wonder
Language: English
eBook ISBN:9780124159655
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 5 9 6 5 - 5
Bloodstain Patterns: Identification, Interpretation and Application combines material from Blood Dynamics (2001) and Bloodstain Pattern Evidence (2007) with updated case work an…Read more
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Bloodstain Patterns: Identification, Interpretation and Application combines material from Blood Dynamics (2001) and Bloodstain Pattern Evidence (2007) with updated case work and scientific advances from medical and hard sciences. The text expands coverage of such areas as arterial damage pattern identification, staging of crime scenes, legal applications and problems from both sides of the bench, and extending teaching and training to those outside criminal justice. With violent offenders more aware of crime scene investigation techniques and attempting to frame others, the text expands outdated basic training programs that are insufficient to identify attempts to confuse the investigation. This book clarifies previous understandings as well as bridges the gap toward future advance courses. Based on the work of Paul Leland Kirk, the book’s focus is on first line investigators’ accuracy in identifying specific bloodstain patterns, correctly interpreting and applying them to casework.
Combines and updates material from Blood Dynamics and Bloodstain Pattern Evidence into one comprehensive reference
Covers new topics, including arterial damage pattern identification, staging of crime scenes, legal applications, and problems from both sides of the bench
More than 300 full color photographs, some with line overlays showing the objective criteria which identify patterns
Primary - Forensic practitioners, law enforcement professionals, and lawyers Secondary - academia and students of forensic science and/or advanced law
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Author
List of Figures
Section I. Introduction
Chapter 1. Introduction
To Solve a Problem, You Identify It
Changed History
Terminology Shift
Correcting Misperceptions
Previous Confusion Corrected
The Economics of Bloodstain Pattern Training
Chapter 2. The Science of Bloodstain Pattern Evidence
Chapter 3. Discussion on Terminology
Absence Transfer
Area of Convergence
Arterial Damage Stains
Arterial Fountain
Arterial Gush
Arterial Rain
Arterial Spurt
Arteries
Back Spatter
Blockage Transfer
Blood
Blood into Blood
Blood Spatter
Bloodstain
Blunt Force Impact
Bullet Capsular Blast
Calipers
Castoff Spatters
Cessation Castoffs
Clot (Coagulation)
Contamination
Direction of Travel
Drip Castoff
Entrance Wound Spatter
Exit Wound Spatter
Gunshot Wound
Hemolyze
High Velocity Impact Spatter (HVIS)
Incident Angle
Inline Beading
Inside Angle (Incident Angle or Impact Angle)
Investigative Transfer (IT)
Low Velocity Impact Spatter (LVIS)
Medium Velocity Impact Spatter (MVIS)
Mist Spatter or Misting
Moving Contact Bloodstains
Muzzle Blast
Origin
Parent Drop
Passive
Pattern
Physiologically Altered Bloodstain (PABS)
Plasma
Pool (Volume)
Preblast
Protractor
Red Blood Cells
Retraction (Clot)
Satellite Spatter
Secondary Spatter
Serum
Serum Stain
Shadowing
Simple Direct Transfer Patterns
Smear (Smudge)
Spatter
Spine
Splash
Splatter
String Reconstruction
Swipe Moving Transfer Pattern
Target
Template Transfers
Transfer Pattern
Void
Volume (Pool)
Whole Pattern
Wipe Moving Transfer Pattern
Section II. Identification
Chapter 4. Review of Historical Approaches to Bloodstain Pattern Identification
Identifying the Whole Pattern
Directions of Travel
Alignments
Distribution/Density
Further Discussions Regarding Examples of Spatter Patterns
Chapter 5. Differentiations Between Similar Patterns
Additions to Guidelines for Identification
Various Bloodstain Patterns Found on the Floor
Moving Transfer Patterns
Chapter 6. How Many Pieces of Evidence?
Discussion of Figure 6.1
Discussion of Figure 6.2
Discussion of Figure 6.3
Discussion of Figure 6.4
Discussion of Figure 6.5
Discussion of Figure 6.6
Putting the Sections Together for a Crime Scene Investigation
Section III. Interpretation
Chapter 7. Information for Interpretation
Interpretations Based on Common Workshop Experiments
Chapter 8. Investigative Leads: Suggested Questions and Answers
The Major Categories, Subcategories, and a Continuous List of Questions for Interpretation of Bloodstain Pattern Evidence
How Bloodstain Pattern Evidence May Be Used to Answer the Preceding Questions
Chapter 9. Staging
Physiologically Altered Bloodstains
Volume Stains (Pooling of Blood)
Case Examples Where Staging Should Have Been Eliminated
Clever Staging?
Section IV. Application
Chapter 10. Expanding Applications in Bloodstain Pattern Evidence
1. Interviews of Individuals Claiming Knowledge of the Evidence
2. Investigations of Vandalism
3. Determination of Suicide, Accident, or Homicide
4. CSI General Work-up for Violent Events
5. Recognition of Staged Crime Scenes
6. Trial Strategy for Both Prosecution and Defense
7. Openings for Appeals
8. Evidence for Parole Considerations
9. Cold Case and Historical Considerations
10. Child Abuse and Animal Cruelty
11. Internal Affairs Investigations into Officer-Involved Shootings
12. Incarcerated Population Interrogation
How to Apply Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Chapter 11. Applications of Bloodstain Pattern Evidence to Crime Scene Investigation
Introduction
Applying Workshops and Lectures to Case Work-up
The Importance of the 3D Approach
Applications to Review within a 3D Context
Chapter 12. Bloodstain Pattern Application in Court
History from the Legal Viewpoint
Interactions Between Lawyers and Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Experts
Importance of Pretrial Motions
Application of Expertise Early in the Case
Questions for Key Witnesses in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis (BPA) Cases
Summation
Section V. Research for the Future
Chapter 13. Reinventing the Wheel
1. Identify and Limit the Specific Problem or Question to be Understood and/or Resolved with the Project
2. Conduct a Literature Search for Applicable Scientific Foundations
3. Construct an Experimental Design for the Project
4. Acquire and/or Manufacture Instrumentation and Devices, and Compile a Formula for Reagents as Necessary
5. Identify What and How Records of the Project Results Will be Kept and Distributed
6. Conduct the Project
7. Review Results, Interpret Information Gleaned, and Draw Conclusions
8. Suggest Modifications for Future Projects to Deal with Unsuspected Results and Extend Understanding
Chapter 14. Research Project Examples
Color Used to Determine Age of Bloodstains
The Investigation into the Footprint of a Blood Drop
CSF and Blood Project
Chapter 15. Summation and Review
It Always Comes Back to History
Who is Affected by Discoveries in Bloodstain Pattern Evidence?
Review
Conclusion
Index
No. of pages: 352
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: December 3, 2014
Imprint: Academic Press
eBook ISBN: 9780124159655
AW
Anita Y. Wonder
Anita Wonder is Founder and Director of the Wonder Institute, a forensic science consulting, training and research association specializing in Bloodstain Pattern Evidence, based in Carmichael, CA. From 1971 to 2005 Ms. Wonder was the Senior Clinical Laboratory Scientist for a large national HMO. She continues to lecture, handle special case studies and testify on the evidence for both prosecution and defense. Anita has testified for both criminal and civil proceedings.