Analytical Techniques in Biosciences

From Basics to Applications

1st Edition - October 21, 2021
Editors: Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Muhammad Ajmal Shah, Jonathan C. Ifemeje, Azhar Rasul
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 6 5 4 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 7 9 9 - 2

Analytical Techniques in Biosciences: From Basics to Applications presents comprehensive and up-to-date information on the various analytical techniques obtainable in biosci… Read more

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Analytical Techniques in Biosciences: From Basics to Applications presents comprehensive and up-to-date information on the various analytical techniques obtainable in bioscience research laboratories across the world. This book contains chapters that discuss the basic bioanalytical protocols and sample preparation guidelines. Commonly encountered analytical techniques, their working principles, and applications were presented. Techniques, considered in this book, include centrifugation techniques, electrophoretic techniques, chromatography, titrimetry, spectrometry, and hyphenated techniques. Subsequent chapters emphasize molecular weight determination and electroanalytical techniques, biosensors, and enzyme assay protocols. Other chapters detail microbial techniques, statistical methods, computational modeling, and immunology and immunochemistry.

The book draws from experts from key institutions around the globe, who have simplified the chapters in a way that will be useful to early-stage researchers as well as advanced scientists. It is also carefully structured and integrated sequentially to aid flow, consistency, and continuity. This is a must-have reference for graduate students and researchers in the field of biosciences.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Chapter 1. Bioanalysis: methods, techniques, and applications
Abstract
Abbreviations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Bioanalytical methods
1.3 Sample preparation
1.4 Bioanalytical techniques
1.5 Method development
1.6 Bioanalytical method validation
1.7 Analytical challenges
1.8 Applications
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2. Sample preparation techniques in biological and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract
Abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biological samples description
2.3 Basic notions regarding biological samples preparation
2.4 Benefits of sample preparation
2.5 Conventional extraction techniques
2.6 Techniques based on microextraction technologies
2.7 Common mistakes during sample preparation
2.8 Conclusion and perspectives
References
Chapter 3. Centrifugation techniques
Abstract
Abbreviations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Principles of centrifugation
3.3 Types of centrifugation
3.4 Centrifuge
3.5 Maintenance and care of centrifugation equipments
3.6 Applications of centrifugation
3.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Electrophoretic techniques
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrophoresis
4.3 Gel electrophoresis
4.4 Agarose gel electrophoresis
4.5 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
4.6 Staining procedures
4.7 Isoelectric focusing
4.8 Immobilized pH gradients
4.9 Proteome analysis
4.10 Functional proteomics
4.11 Gradient gel
4.12 Two-dimensional electrophoresis
4.13 Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis
4.14 Conclusion and future direction
References
Chapter 5. Chromatographic techniques: types, principles, and applications
Abstract
Abbreviations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chromatographic techniques based on the bed shape
5.3 Chromatographic techniques based on the physical state of mobile phase
5.4 Chromatographic techniques based on the separation mechanism
5.5 Specialized techniques of chromatography
5.6 Future perspectives
5.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Titrimetry
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Instrumentation in titrimetry
6.3 Categorization of titrimetric methods
6.4 Challenges associated with titrimetry
6.5 Modern application of titrimetry
6.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7. Mass spectrometry
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Instrumentation
7.3 Ionization processes
7.4 Application
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Hyphenated techniques
Abstract
Abbreviations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Gas chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy
8.3 Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy
8.4 Liquid chromatography tandem nuclear magnetic resonance
8.5 Liquid chromatography tandem infrared spectroscopy
8.6 Gas chromatography tandem infrared spectroscopy
8.7 Capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry
8.8 Differential scanning calorimetry tandem Raman spectroscopy
8.9 Thermogravimetry tandem GC-MS
8.10 Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 9. Molecular weight determination of nucleic acids and proteins
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Molecular weight determination of nucleic acid
9.3 Molecular weight determination of protein
9.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10. Electroanalytical techniques in biosciences: conductometry, coulometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical sensors
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Electrochemical cell and cell potential measurements
10.3 Reference electrodes and electrochemical measurements
10.4 Conductometry
10.5 Coulometry
10.6 Voltametric techniques
10.7 Microelectrodes
10.8 Chemically modified electrodes and electrochemical sensors
10.9 Conclusion
10.11 Electrochemistry general questions
References
Chapter 11. Biosensors: components, mechanisms, and applications
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biosensors
11.3 History of biosensors
11.4 Biocomponents
11.5 Characteristics of biosensors
11.6 The working mechanism of biosensors
11.7 Designing of biosensor
11.8 Three generations of biosensors
11.9 Bioreceptor molecules and biosensing techniques
11.10 Clinical application areas of biosensors
11.11 Conclusion and prospects
References
Chapter 12. Enzyme assay techniques and protocols
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Enzymatic assays in drug discovery
12.3 Enzymatic assays as diagnostic tools for diseases
12.4 Conclusions and future recommendation
References
Chapter 13. Microbial techniques and methods: basic techniques and microscopy
Abstract
Abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Culturing microorganisms; preparation and sterilization of microbiological media
13.3 Determination of microbial numbers
13.4 Pure culture techniques
13.5 Stains and staining techniques
13.6 Identification of microorganisms
13.7 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
13.8 Microscopy
13.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Computational modeling and tools in biosciences: bioinformatics approach
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Enabling biological discovery with computational modeling and simulation
14.3 Computational tools
14.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15. Statistical methods and tools in biosciences
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Preliminary statistical methods
15.3 Methods of data analysis
15.4 Conclusion
15.5 Sample exercises
References
Further reading
Chapter 16. Immunology and immunochemistry
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Immunochemistry
16.3 Immunocytochemistry
16.4 Applications of immunochemistry
16.5 Conclusion
References
Index

Chukwuebuka Egbuna

Chukwuebuka Egbuna (PhD) is a chartered chemist and academic researcher. He is a member of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria (ICCON), the Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NSBMB), and the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) (United Kingdom). Dr. Egbuna is the founder and editor of the Elsevier book series on Drug Discovery Update. The series includes books, monographs, and edited collections from all areas of drug discovery including emerging therapeutic claims for the treatment of diseases. He has published research articles in many international journals of repute and is ranked among the top 500 Nigerian scientists in SciVal/SCOPUS. He has edited more than 25 books with Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Taylor & Francis. His most recent book is the three volume Coronavirus Drug Discovery, published by Elsevier. Dr. Egbuna is the founder and the publishing director of IPS Intelligentsia Publishing Services.

Affiliations and expertise

Chartered Chemist and Academic Researcher, Nigeria

Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu

Dr. Kingsley Chukwuemeka Patrick-Iwuanyanwu is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Biochemistry. Dr. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu is a recipient of The World Academy of Science- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (TWAS-ICCBS) Postgraduate fellowship award in 2009 to University of Karachi, Pakistan. He was among the 100 young scientists from around the world selected to attend The World Life Sciences Forum by BioVision (Lyon, France); He is a recipient of Society of Toxicology (SOT) /AstraZenecca IUTOX fellowship award in 2009. He served as a pioneer African representative and one of the founding Executive Members of Student Advisory Council (SAC) of Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC, EUROPE) from 2009-2011. Dr. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu is a member of several professional bodies including Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NSBMB); Africa Education Initiative (NEF, CT. USA); West African Society of Toxicology (WASOT); Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC, Europe); Society of Toxicology (SOT, Reston, USA); Society for Experimental Biology (SEB, UK).

Affiliations and expertise

Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Muhammad Ajmal Shah

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Shah is a registered pharmacist and an academic researcher. He obtained his PharmD and MPhil in Pharmacognosy degrees from Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Pakistan. He obtained his PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Prince of Songkla University Thailand by securing Thailand Education Hub for ASEAN Countries PhD Scholarship Award (TEH-AC 2014-17). He has published over 60 articles in well reputed international journals and has authored over 20 chapters in different books published by Elsevier and Springer. He is a reviewer and editorial board member of various reputed international journals. Dr. Shah is an active member of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical Society of Europe, American Society of Microbiology and GA Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research Germany. Currently, he is working as an Assistant Professor and Incharge at Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan. His primary research interests include green extraction and enrichment of bioactive compounds, their isolation and bioevaluation in metabolic and aging associated diseases.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

Jonathan C. Ifemeje

Dr. Jonathan Chinenye Ifemeje, PhD, is an Associate Professor (Reader) in the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria. He has published over 40 articles with international publishers and has attended series of workshops and conferences. He has also served as an external examiner for various institutions. He is the managing editor of the Tropical Journal of Applied Natural Sciences and a reviewer and an editorial board member for various reputable journals. He has worked extensively in the areas of phytochemistry, environment, and nutritional toxicology. He is a member of various institutes, including the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria, the Nigerian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Society of Quality Assurance. Dr. Ifemeje is presently the Director of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), COOU and the Department of Biochemistry Postgraduate Coordinator, COOU. He has also served as the department and faculty staff adviser. He obtained his PhD in applied biochemistry from Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, and his MSc degree in nutrition and toxicology from the University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria

Azhar Rasul

Dr. Azhar Rasul is an Assistant Professor at Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University. He has published over 79 peer-reviewed articles and 4 book chapters. Dr. Rasul has presented several invited talks at National and International level and has attended more than 20 International conferences in Japan, China, South Korea, Dubai, Sri Lanka, Qatar, Turkey, Thailand, Malaysia and France. He has obtained several national and international research grants (HEC-Pak Turk Mobility Grant, ISSESCO RG, HEC-NRPU RG(s), The Nagai Foundation Tokyo RG(s) and COMSTECH-TWAS RG).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan